Schoenaker Danielle A J M, de Jersey Susan, Willcox Jane, Francois Monique E, Wilkinson Shelley
School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Semin Reprod Med. 2020 Nov;38(6):352-365. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1723779. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy and a significant clinical and public health problem with lifelong and intergenerational adverse health consequences for mothers and their offspring. The preconception, early pregnancy, and interconception periods represent opportune windows to engage women in preventive and health promotion interventions. This review provides an overview of findings from observational and intervention studies on the role of diet, physical activity, and weight (change) during these periods in the primary prevention of GDM. Current evidence suggests that supporting women to increase physical activity and achieve appropriate weight gain during early pregnancy and enabling women to optimize their weight and health behaviors prior to and between pregnancies have the potential to reduce rates of GDM. Translation of current evidence into practice requires further development and evaluation of co-designed interventions across community, health service, and policy levels to determine how women can be reached and supported to optimize their health behaviors before, during, and between pregnancies to reduce GDM risk.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是妊娠最常见的并发症，是一个重大的临床和公共卫生问题，会对母亲及其后代产生终身和代际的不良健康影响。孕前、孕早期和两次妊娠间隔期是促使女性参与预防和健康促进干预措施的有利时机。本综述概述了观察性研究和干预性研究的结果，这些研究探讨了在这些时期饮食、身体活动和体重（变化）在GDM一级预防中的作用。现有证据表明，支持女性在孕早期增加身体活动并实现适当的体重增加，以及使女性在怀孕前和两次妊娠间隔期优化体重和健康行为，有可能降低GDM的发病率。将现有证据转化为实际行动需要在社区、卫生服务和政策层面进一步开发和评估共同设计的干预措施，以确定如何接触并支持女性在怀孕前、孕期和两次妊娠间隔期优化其健康行为，从而降低GDM风险。
