Shi Mingchao, Chu Fengna, Tian Xiaoping, Aerqin Qiaolifan, Zhu Feiqi, Zhu Jie
Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
Neuroscientist. 2022 Jun;28(3):254-270. doi: 10.1177/1073858420987224. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex. Still it remains unclear, which resulted in all efforts for AD treatments with targeting the pathogenic factors unsuccessful over past decades. It has been evidenced that the innate immune is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the role of adaptive immune in AD remains mostly unknown and the results obtained were controversial. In the review, we summarized recent studies and showed that the molecular and cellular alterations in AD patients and its animal models involving T cells and B cells as well as immune mediators of adaptive immune occur not only in the peripheral blood but also in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid. The risk factors that cause AD contribute to AD progress by affecting the adaptive immune, indicating that adaptive immunity proposes a pivotal role in this disease. It may provide a possible basis for applying immunotherapy in AD and further investigates whether the immunotherapies are effective or off-target?
阿尔茨海默病（AD）的发病机制很复杂。目前仍不清楚，这导致过去几十年来所有针对致病因素的AD治疗努力均未成功。已有证据表明，固有免疫在AD发病机制中密切相关。然而，适应性免疫在AD中的作用大多仍不明确，且所获结果存在争议。在这篇综述中，我们总结了近期研究，并表明AD患者及其动物模型中涉及T细胞、B细胞以及适应性免疫的免疫介质的分子和细胞改变不仅发生在外周血中，也发生在大脑和脑脊液中。导致AD的风险因素通过影响适应性免疫促进AD进展，这表明适应性免疫在这种疾病中起关键作用。这可能为在AD中应用免疫疗法提供可能的依据，并进一步研究免疫疗法是否有效或存在脱靶情况？
