[2019 - 2020年流行季节俄罗斯部分地区流感和急性呼吸道病毒感染病毒的传播特点]

[Peculiarities of the influenza and ARVI viruses circulation during epidemic season 2019-2020 in some regions of Russia].

作者信息

L'vov D K, Burtseva E I, Kolobukhina L V, Fedyakina I T, Bovin N V, Ignatjeva A V, Krasnoslobodtsev K G, Feodoritova E L, Trushakova S V, Breslav N V, Merkulova L N, Mukasheva E A, Khlopova I N, Voronina O L, Aksyonova E I, Kunda M S, Ryzhova N N, Vartanjan R V, Kistenyova L B, Kirillov I M, Proshina E S, Rosatkevich A G, Kruzhkova I S, Zaplatnikov A L, Bazarova M V, Smetanina S V, Kharlamov M V, Karpov N L, Shikhin A V

机构信息

FSBI «National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after academicians M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

出版信息

Vopr Virusol. 2021 Jan 7;65(6):335-349. doi: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-6-4.

DOI:10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-6-4

PMID:33533230

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The surveillance of influenza viruses in ARVI structure and study of their properties in epidemic season 2019-2020 in Russian Federation are actual for investigations due to tasks of Global Influenza Strategy initiated by WHO in 2019.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The data of epidemiological surveillance on influenza- and ARVI-associated morbidity and hospitalization in different age groups of population were analyzed; virological, genetic and statistical methods were used.

RESULTS

Preschool children were involved in epidemic the most. Meanwhile, the highest rate of hospitalization was observed in patients of 18-40 years old. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus dominated in etiology of ARVI in hospitalized patients and pneumonia. The role of respiratory viruses in severe cases of pneumonia and bronchoalveolar syndrome in children was shown. The differences in spectrum of circulating viruses caused ARVI in different regions of Russia were found. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-like viruses were the main etiological agents that caused of epidemic; its activity among all ARVI was 7.3 and 8.0%, respectively. The differences in antigenic properties of influenza A(H3N2) and B epidemic strains compared to vaccine viruses were found. The populations of epidemic strains were presented by following dominant genetic groups: 6B1.A5/183P for A(H1N1)pdm09, 3С.2а1b+137F for A(H3N2) and V1A.3 line B/Victoria-like for B viruses. The good profile of epidemic strains susceptibility to anti-neuraminidase inhibitors has been saved. The most of the studied influenza strains had the receptor specificity characteristic of human influenza viruses.

CONCLUSIONS

Obtained results identified the peculiarities of viruses caused the influenza and ARVI in epidemic season 2019-2020 in different regions of Russia. These results suggested the important role of influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 in severe cases and pneumonia in adults 18-40 years old. The continuing drift in influenza viruses was found, which, apparently, could not but affect the efficacy of vaccine prophylaxis and was also considered in the recommendations of WHO experts on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere in the 2020-2021 season.

摘要

引言

鉴于世界卫生组织2019年发起的全球流感战略任务，对俄罗斯联邦2019 - 2020年流行季节急性呼吸道病毒感染（ARVI）结构中的流感病毒进行监测并研究其特性具有实际研究意义。

材料与方法

分析了不同年龄组人群中流感和ARVI相关发病率及住院情况的流行病学监测数据；采用了病毒学、遗传学和统计学方法。

结果

学龄前儿童受疫情影响最大。同时，18 - 40岁患者的住院率最高。甲型（H1N1）pdm09流感病毒在住院患者和肺炎患者的ARVI病因中占主导地位。显示了呼吸道病毒在儿童重症肺炎和支气管肺泡综合征中的作用。发现俄罗斯不同地区引起ARVI的流行病毒谱存在差异。甲型（H1N1）pdm09流感病毒和B/维多利亚系病毒是引起疫情的主要病原体；其在所有ARVI中的活性分别为7.3%和8.0%。发现甲型（H3N2）流感病毒和B型流行毒株与疫苗病毒相比，抗原特性存在差异。流行毒株群体由以下主要遗传组组成：甲型（H1N1）pdm09为6B1.A5/183P，甲型（H3N2）为3С.2а1b + 137F，B型病毒为V1A.3系B/维多利亚系。流行毒株对抗神经氨酸酶抑制剂的敏感性良好。大多数研究的流感毒株具有人类流感病毒特有的受体特异性。

结论

获得的结果确定了俄罗斯不同地区2019 - 2020年流行季节引起流感和ARVI的病毒特性。这些结果表明甲型（H1N1）pdm09流感病毒在18 - 40岁成年人的重症病例和肺炎中起重要作用。发现流感病毒持续发生变异，这显然会影响疫苗预防的效果，世界卫生组织专家在2020 - 2021年北半球国家流感疫苗成分建议中也考虑到了这一点。