Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel.
Department of Nursing, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021 Aug;61(1):15-28. doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08839-4. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
A prodrome is a premonitory set of signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Prodromes are frequently reported by hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients, antedating attacks by a few hours or even longer. In some studies, high incidence of prodromes was reported by patients, with considerable number being able to predict oncoming attacks. Regrettably, prodromes have never received a consensual definition and have not been properly investigated in a systematic fashion. Therefore, their nature remains elusive and their contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders is uncertain. The term "prodrome," as used in various pathologies, denotes different meanings, timing, and duration, so it may not be equally suitable for all clinical situations. Perception of a prodrome is unique for each individual patient depending on self-experience. As modern drugs delegate the administration decision to the patients, early detection of a developing attack may help mitigate its severity and allow deployment of appropriate therapy. New diagnostic instruments were recently developed that can assist in defining the attributes of prodromes and their association with attacks. We will review the prodrome phenomenon as exhibited in certain clinical situations, with an emphasis on prodromes of HAE.
前驱症状是指预示疾病发作的一组先兆症状和体征。遗传性血管性水肿（HAE）患者经常会出现前驱症状，这些症状会在发作前几个小时甚至更长时间出现。在一些研究中，患者报告前驱症状的发生率很高，其中相当一部分患者能够预测即将到来的发作。遗憾的是，前驱症状从未得到过一致的定义，也没有得到系统的研究。因此，其性质仍然难以捉摸，其对疾病的诊断和治疗的贡献也不确定。在不同的病理学中，术语“前驱症状”表示不同的含义、时间和持续时间，因此它可能不适用于所有临床情况。每个患者对前驱症状的感知都是独特的，取决于自身的体验。由于现代药物将给药决策交给患者，因此早期发现即将发作的疾病可能有助于减轻其严重程度，并允许使用适当的治疗方法。最近开发了一些新的诊断仪器，可以帮助确定前驱症状的特征及其与发作的关联。我们将回顾某些临床情况下的前驱症状现象，重点介绍 HAE 的前驱症状。
