[Study on the effectiveness of silicon dust prevention and control of small sandblasting cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood].

To explore the effect of cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood applied to small sandblasting machine to prevent and control silicon dust, and put forward a new idea of dust ventilation protection facilities to effectively protect the occupational health of workers. From August to October 2018, the cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood of sandblasting room in a research institute was selected as the research object, and the methods of occupational health survey, on-site detection and physical simulation of air distribution were used to conduct on-site detection and smoke emission test on the local exhaust facilities, silica dust concentration, control wind speed and air distribution before and after the transformation line analysis and evaluation. The air distribution simulation experiment showed that the air distribution of the cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood was reasonable and could effectively control the whole range of silica dust emission during the cleaning process. After modification, the capture velocity was increased from 0.01 m/s to 0.53 m/s, and the capture velocity was increased by 98.1%. The time weighted average allowable concentration ((TWA)) of silicon dust (total dust) during sand blasting, cabin opening and cleaning was reduced from 7.00 mg/m(3) to 0.50 mg/m(3). The (TWA) of silica dust (exhalation dust) was decreased from 3.36 mg/m(3) to 0.27 mg/m(3), and the (TWA) dust reduction rates of total dust and respirable dust were 92.9% and 92.0%, respectively. The combination of cabinet type exhaust hood and water curtain dedusting optimizes the combination mode of dust prevention and control. It has the advantages of high efficiency of dedusting and purification, energy saving and environmental protection, and can be popularized and used in enterprises of the same nature.