Ellis Derek M, Robison Matthew K, Brewer Gene A
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
J Intell. 2021 Feb 1;9(1):7. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence9010007.
Individuals encounter problems daily wherein varying numbers of constraints require delimitation of memory to target goal-satisfying information. Multiply-constrained problems, such as the compound remote associates, are commonly used to study this type of problem solving. Since their development, multiply-constrained problems have been theoretically and empirically related to creative thinking, analytical problem solving, insight problem solving, and a multitude of other cognitive abilities. In the present study, we empirically evaluated the range of cognitive abilities previously associated with multiply-constrained problem solving to assess common versus unique predictive variance (i.e., working memory, attention control, episodic and semantic memory, and fluid and crystallized intelligence). Additionally, we sought to determine whether problem-solving ability and self-reported strategy adoption (analytical or insightful) were task specific or task general through the use of novel multiply-constrained problem-solving tasks (TriBond and Location Bond). Performance across these tasks was shown to be domain general, solutions derived through insightful strategies were more often correct than those derived through analytical strategies, and crystallized intelligence was the sole cognitive ability that provided unique predictive value after accounting for all other abilities.
人们每天都会遇到各种问题，其中不同数量的限制因素要求对记忆进行界定，以获取满足目标的信息。多重约束问题，如复合远程联想问题，通常用于研究此类问题解决。自从多重约束问题被提出以来，它们在理论和实证上都与创造性思维、分析性问题解决、顿悟问题解决以及许多其他认知能力相关。在本研究中，我们通过实证评估了先前与多重约束问题解决相关的认知能力范围，以评估共同的和独特的预测方差（即工作记忆、注意力控制、情景记忆和语义记忆，以及流体智力和晶体智力）。此外，我们试图通过使用新颖的多重约束问题解决任务（三联词和位置联想）来确定问题解决能力和自我报告的策略采用（分析性或顿悟性）是特定于任务还是通用的。结果表明，这些任务的表现具有领域通用性，通过顿悟策略得出的解决方案比通过分析策略得出的解决方案更常是正确的，并且晶体智力是在考虑了所有其他能力之后提供独特预测价值的唯一认知能力。
