Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Feb 16;55(4):2500-2510. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08014. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Mussel biofouling has become a problem in aquatic ecosystems, causing significant ecological impact and huge economic loss globally. Although several strategies have been proposed and tested, efficient and environment-friendly antifouling methods are still scarce. Here, we investigated the effects of recoverable magnetic ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) with different sizes (10 and 100 nm), coatings (polyethylene glycol and polylysine), and concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 mg/L) on byssus adhesion-mediated biofouling by the notorious golden mussel . The results showed that magnetic FeO-NPs, especially negatively charged polyethylene glycol-coated FeO-NPs, size- and concentration-dependently reduced the byssus production, performance (breaking force and failure location), and adhesion rate. Further investigations on mechanisms showed that the down-regulation of foot protein 2 (Lffp-2) and energy-related metabolic pathways inhibited byssus production. The declined gene expression level and metal-binding ability of Lffp-2 significantly affected foot protein interactions, further reducing the plaque size and byssus performance. In addition, the change in the water redox state likely reduced byssus performance by preventing the interface interactions between the substrate and foot proteins. Our results confirm the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of magnetic FeO-NPs on mitigating biofouling, thus providing a reference for developing efficient and environment-friendly antifouling strategies against fouling mussels.
贻贝生物污损已成为水生生态系统中的一个问题，在全球范围内造成了重大的生态影响和巨大的经济损失。尽管已经提出并测试了几种策略，但仍缺乏高效且环保的防污方法。在这里，我们研究了不同尺寸（10nm 和 100nm）、涂层（聚乙二醇和聚赖氨酸）和浓度（0.01mg/L 和 0.1mg/L）的可回收磁性四氧化三铁纳米颗粒（FeO-NPs）对贻贝贻贝附着力介导的生物污损的影响。结果表明，磁性 FeO-NPs，特别是带负电荷的聚乙二醇包覆的 FeO-NPs，大小和浓度依赖性地降低了贻贝的产生、性能（断裂力和失效位置）和粘附率。对机制的进一步研究表明，足蛋白 2（Lffp-2）的下调以及能量相关代谢途径的抑制作用抑制了贻贝的产生。Lffp-2 的基因表达水平和金属结合能力下降显著影响了足蛋白的相互作用，从而进一步减小了斑块大小和贻贝的性能。此外，水氧化还原状态的变化可能通过阻止基质和足蛋白之间的界面相互作用来降低贻贝的性能。我们的结果证实了磁性 FeO-NPs 减轻生物污损的有效性和潜在机制，为开发针对污损贻贝的高效环保防污策略提供了参考。
