Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2021 Mar;22(3):167-179. doi: 10.1038/s41583-021-00428-w. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Cognitive and behavioural flexibility permit the appropriate adjustment of thoughts and behaviours in response to changing environmental demands. Brain mechanisms enabling flexibility have been examined using non-invasive neuroimaging and behavioural approaches in humans alongside pharmacological and lesion studies in animals. This work has identified large-scale functional brain networks encompassing lateral and orbital frontoparietal, midcingulo-insular and frontostriatal regions that support flexibility across the lifespan. Flexibility can be compromised in early-life neurodevelopmental disorders, clinical conditions that emerge during adolescence and late-life dementias. We critically evaluate evidence for the enhancement of flexibility through cognitive training, physical activity and bilingual experience.
认知和行为灵活性允许人们根据环境需求的变化适当调整思维和行为。人们使用非侵入性神经影像学和行为方法，以及动物的药理学和损伤研究，来研究实现灵活性的大脑机制。这项工作已经确定了支持整个生命周期灵活性的大规模功能大脑网络，包括外侧和眶额顶叶、中扣带岛叶和额纹状体区域。在生命早期的神经发育障碍、青少年时期出现的临床情况和老年痴呆症中，灵活性可能会受到损害。我们批判性地评估了通过认知训练、体育活动和双语经验来提高灵活性的证据。
