Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA.
J Neurosci Res. 2021 May;99(5):1390-1400. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24789. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule with many functions in the nervous system. Derived from the enzymatic conversion of arginine by several nitric oxide synthases (NOS), NO plays significant roles in neuronal developmental events such as the establishment of dendritic branching or arbors. A brief summary of the discovery, molecular biology, and chemistry of NO, and a description of important NO-mediated signal transduction pathways with emphasis on the role for NO in the development of dendritic branching during neurodevelopment are presented. Important sex differences in neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression during neuronal development are considered. Finally, a survey of endogenous and exogenous substances that disrupt dendritic patterning is presented with particular emphasis on how these molecules may drive NO-mediated sex differences in dendritic branching.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种重要的信号分子，在神经系统中有多种功能。它由几种一氧化氮合酶（NOS）从精氨酸酶促转化而来，在神经元发育事件中发挥重要作用，如树突分支或树突的建立。本文简要总结了 NO 的发现、分子生物学和化学，并描述了重要的 NO 介导的信号转导途径，重点介绍了 NO 在神经发育过程中树突分支形成中的作用。考虑了神经元发育过程中神经元一氧化氮合酶表达的重要性别差异。最后，还调查了破坏树突模式形成的内源性和外源性物质，并特别强调了这些分子如何导致 NO 介导的树突分支中的性别差异。
