Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Division of Cardiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Feb 9;77(5):593-608. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.060.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a key component of a heart-healthy diet. For patients without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, 2 or more servings of fatty fish per week is recommended to obtain adequate intake of omega-3 PUFAs. If this not possible, dietary supplementation with an appropriate fish oil may be reasonable. Supplementation with omega-3 PUFA capsules serves 2 distinct but overlapping roles: treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and prevention of cardiovascular events. Marine-derived omega-3 PUFAs reduce triglycerides and have pleiotropic effects including decreasing inflammation, improving plaque composition and stability, and altering cellular membranes. Clinical trial data have shown inconsistent results with omega-3 PUFAs improving cardiovascular outcomes. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of PUFAs and a summary of key clinical trial data. Recent trial data suggest the use of prescription eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease event reduction in selected populations.
ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）是心脏健康饮食的重要组成部分。对于没有临床动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的患者，建议每周食用 2 份或更多份高脂肪鱼类，以获得足够的 ω-3 PUFAs 摄入量。如果这不可能，适当的鱼油膳食补充剂可能是合理的。ω-3 PUFA 胶囊的补充有两个不同但重叠的作用：治疗高甘油三酯血症和预防心血管事件。海洋衍生的 ω-3 PUFAs 可降低甘油三酯，并具有多种作用，包括减少炎症、改善斑块成分和稳定性以及改变细胞膜。临床试验数据显示，ω-3 PUFAs 改善心血管结局的结果不一致。在本文中，作者提供了 PUFAs 的概述和关键临床试验数据的总结。最近的试验数据表明，在某些人群中使用处方二十碳五烯酸乙酯乙酯可减少动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病事件。
