Asymmetric Multipole Plasmon-Mediated Catalysis Shifts the Product Selectivity of CO Photoreduction toward C Products.

Cu/TiO is a well-known photocatalyst for the photocatalytic transformation of CO into methane. The formation of C products such as ethane and ethanol rather than methane is more interesting due to their higher energy density and economic value, but the formation of C-C bonds is currently a major challenge in CO photoreduction. In this context, we report the dominant formation of a C product, namely, ethane, from the gas-phase photoreduction of CO using TiO nanotube arrays (TNTAs) decorated with large-sized (80-200 nm) Ag and Cu nanoparticles without the use of a sacrificial agent or hole scavenger. Isotope-labeled mass spectrometry was used to verify the origin and identity of the reaction products. Under 2 h AM1.5G 1-sun illumination, the total rate of hydrocarbon production (methane + ethane) was highest for AgCu-TNTA with a total CH rate of 23.88 μmol g h. Under identical conditions, the CH production rates for Ag-TNTA and Cu-TNTA were 6.54 and 1.39 μmol g h, respectively. The ethane selectivity was the highest for AgCu-TNTA with 60.7%, while the ethane selectivity was found to be 15.9 and 10% for the Ag-TNTA and Cu-TNTA, respectively. Adjacent adsorption sites in our photocatalyst develop an asymmetric charge distribution due to quadrupole resonances in large metal nanoparticles and multipole resonances in Ag-Cu heterodimers. Such an asymmetric charge distribution decreases adsorbate-adsorbate repulsion and facilitates C-C coupling of reaction intermediates, which otherwise occurs poorly in TNTAs decorated with small metal nanoparticles.