[Clinical analysis of 21 cases of cholesteatoma recidivism after canal-wall-up mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty].

To discuss the possible reasons for cholesteatoma recidivism after canal-wall-up mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty by analyzing clinical characteristics of patients. Data of 21 cases who suffered from cholesteatoma recidivism after canal-wall-up surgery were retrospectively reviewed, including preoperative examination, high resolution temporal bone CT, and intraoperative findings. 90.5%（19/21） cases had recurrent cholesteatoma with retraction pockets. Among 12 cases with previous operative notes, 66.7%（8/12） had extensive cholesteatoma which was not limited to attic in the original surgery. The intraoperative features of revision surgery in 21 patients including the destruction of reconstructive lateral attic wall and scutumwere found in 19.0%（4/21） cases, the head of malleus left in 19.0%（4/21） cases, the cholesteatoma found in hidden part in 14.3%（3/21） cases, the hadeustachian tube dysfunction in 38.1%（8/21）cases. the sclerotic mastoid in 42.9%（9/21） cases. hadanatomic variations of the temporal bone in 14.3%（3/21） cases and atresia of external auditory canal in 4.8%（1/21） cases. In this group of recidivism cases, most patients had extensive cholesteatoma, which may lead to excessive mucosa loss during lesion clearance, poor ventilation of tympanic isthmus after surgery, and promote the formation of retraction pocket. In addition, some cases had eustachian tube dysfunction, unstable reconstruction of attic lateral wall, and improper selection of the indications, which may also increase the risk of recurrence. Therefore, in order to reduce cholesteatoma recidivism after canal-wall-up surgery, attention should be paid to the striction of surgical indications, comprehensive preoperative evaluation, thorough clearance of lesions and firm reconstruction.