College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4500, USA.
College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 500 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2021 Mar;37(1):17-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.12.005.
Small ruminants are increasing in popularity as production and companion animals in the United States, and among sheep, goats, and camelids there are many disease processes and management techniques that have the potential to result in painful or noxious stimuli. In these species, many medications and therapeutic techniques can be used to reduce or eliminate the long-term consequences of pain. In this second portion of the review, we focus on the application of pain management in these species. These strategies include mono- and multimodal and the use of precision pain management, such as epidural drug administration, regional perfusions, and transdermal applications.
小型反刍动物作为生产和伴侣动物在美国越来越受欢迎，在绵羊、山羊和骆驼中，有许多疾病过程和管理技术有可能导致疼痛或有害刺激。在这些物种中，可以使用许多药物和治疗技术来减少或消除疼痛的长期后果。在本综述的第二部分，我们重点介绍这些物种中疼痛管理的应用。这些策略包括单一和多模式以及使用精确疼痛管理，如硬膜外药物给药、区域灌注和透皮应用。
