School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1295:121-134. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_6.
Nanoparticles are important mediators for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) where they can efficiently convert photon energy into heat and ablate the surrounding cancer cells with superior spatial and temporal precision. Recent decades have witnessed a booming development of numerous formulations of PTT nanoparticles that exhibit outstanding anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical studies. However, their clinical translation has been mined by safety concerns, especially their long-term impact on human body. Biodegradable nanoparticles that can be excreted after PTT, therefore, are gaining popularity due to their biocompatibility and improved safety profiles. This chapter provides an update on the progress in clearable PTT nanoparticles for cancer treatment. We discuss their design, synthesis strategy, and physicochemical properties relevant to photothermal performance. We also review their biodistribution patterns and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy, along with their degradation mechanism and clearance kinetics. Lastly, we present a brief overview of the imaging techniques to noninvasively monitor the degradation of PTT nanoparticles.
纳米粒子是癌症光热治疗（PTT）的重要介质，它们可以将光子能量高效地转化为热能，并以优越的时空精度消融周围的癌细胞。近几十年来，许多 PTT 纳米粒子制剂得到了蓬勃发展，在临床前研究中表现出了优异的抗肿瘤疗效。然而，它们的临床转化受到了安全性的关注，特别是它们对人体的长期影响。可生物降解的纳米粒子在 PTT 后可以被排出体外，因此由于其生物相容性和改善的安全性而受到关注。本章介绍了用于癌症治疗的可清除 PTT 纳米粒子的最新进展。我们讨论了它们的设计、合成策略以及与光热性能相关的物理化学性质。我们还回顾了它们的体内分布模式和抗肿瘤疗效，以及它们的降解机制和清除动力学。最后，我们简要介绍了用于非侵入性监测 PTT 纳米粒子降解的成像技术。
