与嗅觉训练后相关嗅觉恢复相关的因素：一项包括 601 名参与者的回顾性研究。
Factors associated with relevant olfactory recovery after olfactory training: a retrospective study including 601 participants.
机构信息
Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Department of Food Science, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
出版信息
Rhinology. 2021 Feb 1;59(1):91-97. doi: 10.4193/Rhin20-262.
OBJECTIVE
Olfactory training (OT) represents a therapeutic option for multiple etiologies of olfactory dysfunction (OD) that also benefits normosmic subjects. In this retrospective study, we report the effectiveness of OT and factors associated with relevant changes in olfactory function (OF) in large groups of normosmic participants and patients with OD, including a control group that performed no training.
METHODS
This was a retrospective pooled analysis including 2 treatment cohorts of 8 previously published studies. Adult participants that either presented with the major complaint of quantitative OD or normosmic volunteers were recruited at various ENT clinics and received OT or no training. The outcome was based on changes in objective olfactory test scores after OT.
RESULTS
A total of 601 patients with OD or normosmic subjects were included. OT was more effective compared to no training. No interaction was found between OT and OF. In multivariate analysis, higher baseline OF (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 0.93) and posttraumatic (aOR, 0.29) or idiopathic OD (aOR, 0.18) compared to postinfectious causes were significantly associated with lower odds of relevant improvements in patients with OD receiving OT. Subgroup analysis of normosmic participants receiving OT further revealed a significant association of lower age and baseline olfactory function with improvements of overall OF.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that OT was more effective than no training in patients with various causes of OD. Additionally, baseline olfactory performance and etiology of OD were identified as important factors associated with relevant improvements after OT.
目的
嗅觉训练（OT）代表了多种嗅觉功能障碍（OD）病因的治疗选择，对嗅觉正常的受试者也有益处。在这项回顾性研究中，我们报告了 OT 的有效性，以及与嗅觉功能（OF）相关变化相关的因素，这些变化涉及大量嗅觉正常的参与者和 OD 患者，包括未进行训练的对照组。
方法
这是一项回顾性汇总分析，包括 8 项先前发表的研究中的 2 个治疗队列。在各种耳鼻喉科诊所招募了有定量 OD 主要主诉或嗅觉正常的志愿者作为成年参与者，并接受 OT 或无训练。结果基于 OT 后客观嗅觉测试分数的变化。
结果
共纳入 601 例 OD 患者或嗅觉正常的受试者。OT 比无训练更有效。OT 和 OF 之间未发现相互作用。在多变量分析中，与感染后相比，较高的基线 OF（调整后的优势比，aOR，0.93）和创伤后（aOR，0.29）或特发性 OD（aOR，0.18）与接受 OT 的 OD 患者相关改善的可能性较低显著相关。对接受 OT 的嗅觉正常参与者的亚组分析进一步表明，年龄较低和基线嗅觉功能与整体 OF 的改善显著相关。
结论
本研究表明，OT 在各种 OD 病因患者中比无训练更有效。此外，基线嗅觉表现和 OD 的病因被确定为 OT 后相关改善的重要相关因素。
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