Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2021 Apr;23(2):276-293. doi: 10.1007/s10126-021-10022-x. Epub 2021 Feb 5.
Aquaculture is responsible for more than 50% of global seafood consumption. Bacterial diseases are a major constraint to this sector and associated with misuse of antibiotics, pose serious threats to public health. Fish-symbionts, co-inhabitants of fish pathogens, might be a promising source of natural antimicrobial compounds (NACs) alternative to antibiotics, limiting bacterial diseases occurrence in aquafarms. In particular, sporeforming Bacillus spp. are known for their probiotic potential and production of NACs antagonistic of bacterial pathogens and are abundant in aquaculture fish guts. Harnessing the fish-gut microbial community potential, 172 sporeforming strains producing NACs were isolated from economically important aquaculture fish species, namely European seabass, gilthead seabream, and white seabream. We demonstrated that they possess anti-growth, anti-biofilm, or anti-quorum-sensing activities, to control bacterial infections and 52% of these isolates effectively antagonized important fish pathogens, including Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. bivalvium, A. veronii, Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Photobacterium damselae, Tenacibaculum maritimum, Edwardsiela tarda, and Shigella sonnei. By in vitro quantification of sporeformers' capacity to suppress growth and biofilm formation of fish pathogens, and by assessing their potential to interfere with pathogens communication, we identified three promising candidates to become probiotics or source of bioactive molecules to be used in aquaculture against bacterial aquaculture diseases.
水产养殖占全球海鲜消费量的 50%以上。细菌病是该行业的主要制约因素，与抗生素的滥用有关，对公共健康构成严重威胁。鱼类共生体是鱼类病原体的共同栖息者，可能是替代抗生素的天然抗菌化合物 (NACs) 的有前途的来源，可限制水产养殖中细菌病的发生。特别是产芽孢的芽孢杆菌因其益生菌潜力和产生对抗细菌病原体的 NACs 而闻名，并且在水产养殖鱼类肠道中丰富。利用鱼类肠道微生物群落的潜力，从经济上重要的水产养殖鱼类（欧洲鲈鱼、金头鲷和白鲈鱼）中分离出 172 株产 NACs 的产芽孢菌株。我们证明它们具有抗生长、抗生物膜或抗群体感应活性，可控制细菌感染，其中 52%的这些分离株有效拮抗了重要的鱼类病原体，包括嗜水气单胞菌、鲑鱼气单胞菌、双壳鱼气单胞菌、维氏气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌、美人鱼发光杆菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌和宋内志贺菌。通过体外定量评估产芽孢菌抑制鱼类病原体生长和生物膜形成的能力，并评估它们干扰病原体通讯的潜力，我们确定了三种有前途的候选菌株，可以成为益生菌或生物活性分子的来源，用于水产养殖中防治细菌性水产养殖疾病。
