University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Department for Materials Synthesis, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Nanos SCI, Nanos Scientificae Ltd., Teslova ulica 30, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Int J Pharm. 2021 Mar 15;597:120348. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120348. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Despite the intensive development and unique properties of iron-oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), their use as drug delivery systems has not yet entered clinical practice. There also remains a lack of data on their toxicity profile and behavior in the bioenvironment. A number of in-vitro studies have been performed, but these were carried out with various MNPs using various methods of bioevaluation and various cell lines, so they are not universally applicable. It is of vital importance that selection of any experimental set-up and parameters for MNP bioevaluation, as well as the cell lines used, are focused on the final application of the MNPs. In this review, the most commonly used in-vitro methods for bioevaluation of MNPs are presented, including their key advantages and shortcomings. This critical comparison of these methods should facilitate selection of the appropriate in-vitro bioevaluation methods, and define the already established protocols that are available in the literature. Thus, we present here the first comprehensive review of in-vitro bioevaluation methods currently available for MNP evaluation. Furthermore, we provide important guidelines for selection of the best method, to enable reliable comparisons of the biological properties of different MNPs, and hence to promote their efficient translation from research to clinical practice.
尽管基于氧化铁的磁性纳米粒子（MNPs）得到了深入的开发并具有独特的性质，但它们作为药物输送系统尚未进入临床实践。关于它们的毒性概况及其在生物环境中的行为，仍缺乏数据。已经进行了一些体外研究，但这些研究是使用各种 MNPs 并使用各种生物评估方法和各种细胞系进行的，因此它们并不普遍适用。至关重要的是，选择任何用于 MNPs 生物评估的实验设置和参数，以及所使用的细胞系，都应侧重于 MNPs 的最终应用。在这篇综述中，介绍了最常用于 MNPs 生物评估的体外方法，包括它们的主要优点和缺点。对这些方法的批判性比较应该有助于选择合适的体外生物评估方法，并确定文献中已有的既定方案。因此，我们在这里首次全面回顾了目前可用于 MNPs 评估的体外生物评估方法。此外，我们为选择最佳方法提供了重要的指导方针，以实现对不同 MNPs 的生物学特性进行可靠比较，并促进它们从研究向临床实践的有效转化。
