Nelson D L, Peterson C, Smith D A, Boughton J A, Whalen G M
Department of Occupational Therapy, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo 49008.
Am J Occup Ther. 1988 Jan;42(1):23-9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.42.1.23.
Using activity analysis, occupational therapists structure group activities to meet the needs and goals of group members. This study compared the effects of project group structure (subjects participate together on a common task) with parallel group structure (subjects each have a task) in a sample of healthy seniors (32 women and 9 men). Subjects randomly assigned to either experimental condition made creative and imitative collages in a counter-balanced order. Time-sampled observations revealed that project group subjects talked and looked at others significantly more than parallel group subjects. On-task and laughing behaviors were also measured, but results were inconclusive. Project group subjects rated their activities higher on the action factor of the Osgood semantic differential (OSD) than did parallel group subjects, but there were no other differences on the OSD or on MacKenzie's Group Climate Questionnaire. Nor were there significant main effects between the creative collage and the imitative collage. Results are discussed both in terms of group task structure as an occupational therapy tool and in terms of methodologies for future activity analysis research.
职业治疗师通过活动分析来组织小组活动，以满足小组成员的需求和目标。本研究在一组健康老年人（32名女性和9名男性）样本中，比较了项目小组结构（参与者共同参与一项共同任务）与平行小组结构（参与者各自有一项任务）的效果。随机分配到任一实验条件下的参与者以平衡的顺序制作创意拼贴画和模仿拼贴画。时间抽样观察显示，项目小组的参与者比平行小组的参与者更多地与他人交谈和对视。还对任务执行情况和大笑行为进行了测量，但结果尚无定论。在奥斯古德语义差异量表（OSD）的行动因子上，项目小组的参与者对其活动的评价高于平行小组的参与者，但在OSD或麦肯齐小组氛围问卷上没有其他差异。创意拼贴画和模仿拼贴画之间也没有显著的主效应。本文从作为职业治疗工具的小组任务结构以及未来活动分析研究方法两个方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
