Banning M R, Nelson D L
St. Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colorado 80218.
Am J Occup Ther. 1987 Aug;41(8):510-4. doi: 10.5014/ajot.41.8.510.
The ability to analyze the therapeutic components of an activity is an important skill for occupational therapists. This study examined two potentially significant factors in activity analysis: the use of humor and the effect of group structure. Four groups (two with a parallel structure and two with a project structure) participated in a hat-making activity designed to elicit humor. Four groups (two with a parallel structure and two with a project structure) participated in a bookmark-making activity. The 28 female subjects' affective responses were measured by Osgood's short-form semantic differential, and the cohesion among group members was assessed by the Group Environment Scale. Results indicated that subjects who participated in groups which included humor rated their activity significantly higher on two factors of affective meaning (evaluation and action) and significantly higher in terms of cohesion. There was a significant interaction between the two activities and group structure in terms of the action factor and cohesion. In both cases the parallel groups making bookmarks received particularly low scores. The findings have implications for conceptualizing occupational therapy group activities.
对于职业治疗师而言，分析一项活动的治疗成分的能力是一项重要技能。本研究考察了活动分析中两个潜在的重要因素：幽默的运用和小组结构的影响。四组人员（两组采用平行结构，两组采用项目结构）参与了一项旨在引发幽默的制帽活动。四组人员（两组采用平行结构，两组采用项目结构）参与了一项书签制作活动。通过奥斯古德的简式语义差异量表测量了28名女性受试者的情感反应，并通过小组环境量表评估了小组成员之间的凝聚力。结果表明，参与包含幽默元素小组的受试者在情感意义的两个因素（评价和行动）上对其活动的评价显著更高，并且在凝聚力方面也显著更高。在行动因素和凝聚力方面，两项活动与小组结构之间存在显著的交互作用。在这两种情况下，制作书签的平行小组得分尤其低。这些发现对于职业治疗小组活动的概念化具有启示意义。
