Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Neurodevelopment Program, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Room 537, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021 Jun;26(3):101203. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101203. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
With advances in neonatal care there has been an increase in survival rates for infants born very preterm and/or with complex needs, such as those who require major surgery, who may not have survived decades ago. Despite advances in survival, these infants remain at high-risk for a range of neurodevelopmental delays and/or impairments including motor, cognitive and emotional/behavioural challenges. Research has improved our ability to identify which infants are at high-risk of developmental delay and/or impairments, and there is mounting evidence that early interventions can improve outcomes of these infants. However, clinical practice varies throughout the world regarding recommendations for developmental screening. Moreover, intervention, when available, is often not commenced early enough in development. Given limited resources, those infants most at risk of developmental impairments and their families should be targeted, with further research needed on the cost-effectiveness of surveillance and early interventions.
随着新生儿护理技术的进步，早产儿和/或有复杂需求（如需要大手术的婴儿）的存活率有所提高，这些婴儿在几十年前可能无法存活。尽管存活率有所提高，但这些婴儿仍然面临多种神经发育迟缓的高风险，包括运动、认知和情绪/行为挑战。研究提高了我们识别哪些婴儿有发育迟缓高风险的能力，越来越多的证据表明早期干预可以改善这些婴儿的结局。然而，全世界在发育筛查的建议方面存在差异。此外，即使有干预措施，也往往不能在发育早期及时开始。鉴于资源有限，应针对最有可能出现发育障碍的婴儿及其家庭进行干预，还需要进一步研究监测和早期干预的成本效益。
