Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021 Apr;32(4):511-520. doi: 10.1111/clr.13721. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
To detect the potential influence of implant diameter and anatomic factors on the need for bone augmentation procedures (BAPs) when replacing congenitally missing lateral incisors (MLIs).
Patients with congenitally missing MLIs with a mesio-distal distance between the canine and the central incisor of 5.9-6.3 mm received a Ø2.9 mm implant while Ø3.3 mm implants were placed when the distance was 6.4-7.1 mm. The following linear measurements were recorded using a calliper: width of the alveolar process (WAP), width of the bony alveolar ridge (WAR) and thickness of the facial bone after implant osteotomy (TFB). Guided bone regeneration was performed in case of fenestration- or dehiscence-type defects or a thin TFB (<1.7 mm).
Fifty Ø2.9 mm and 50 Ø3.3 mm were included in 100 patients. WAP and WAR did not differ between the groups (p > .05). TFB was statistically significant larger in the Ø2.9 group (1.75 ± 0.59 mm) compared to the Ø3.3 group (1.5 ± 0.63 mm) (p = .041). Fenestration-type defects (p = .005) and a thin facial bone wall (p = .045) was observed more frequently in the Ø3.3 compared to the Ø2.9 group. Correspondingly, BAP was indicated more frequently in the Ø3.3 compared to the Ø2.9 group (p = .017). WAP, MD and WAR were statistically significant correlated to the need for BAP (p < .001). As independent variable, only WAR influenced the probability of BAP (p < .001).
The use of 2.9 diameter implants was correlated to a reduced frequency of BAP compared to 3.3 mm implants, without reaching a statistically significant difference. Measurement of the WAP provides the clinician useful information to predict BAP.
检测种植体直径和解剖因素对先天缺失侧切牙（MLI）患者行骨增量手术（BAP）的潜在影响。
近中-远中距中切牙至尖牙为 5.9-6.3mm 的患者植入直径 2.9mm 的种植体，而近中-远中距中切牙至尖牙为 6.4-7.1mm 的患者植入直径 3.3mm 的种植体。使用卡尺记录以下线性测量值：牙槽骨宽度（WAP）、牙槽骨嵴宽度（WAR）和种植体骨切开后面部骨厚度（TFB）。在存在开窗或裂隙型缺损或 TFB 较薄（<1.7mm）的情况下，进行引导骨再生。
本研究共纳入 100 名患者的 50 颗 2.9mm 种植体和 50 颗 3.3mm 种植体。两组间 WAP 和 WAR 无差异（p>.05）。2.9mm 组 TFB 明显大于 3.3mm 组（1.75±0.59mm 比 1.5±0.63mm）（p=.041）。与 2.9mm 组相比，3.3mm 组更常出现开窗型缺损（p=.005）和薄的面骨壁（p=.045），因此 3.3mm 组更常需要行 BAP（p=.017）。WAP、MD 和 WAR 与 BAP 的需求呈统计学显著相关（p<.001）。作为独立变量，只有 WAR 影响 BAP 的概率（p<.001）。
与 3.3mm 种植体相比，使用 2.9mm 种植体与 BAP 发生频率降低相关，但无统计学差异。WAP 的测量为临床医生预测 BAP 提供了有用的信息。
