Oláh Tamás, Cai Xiaoyu, Michaelis Jana Christin, Madry Henning
Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Ann Anat. 2021 May;235:151680. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151680. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
The human knee is a complex joint, and affected by a variety of articular cartilage disorders. Large animal models are critical to model the complex disease mechanisms affecting a functional joint. Species-dependent differences highly affect the results of a pre-clinical study and need to be considered, necessitating specific knowledge not only of macroscopic and microscopic anatomical and pathological aspects, but also characteristics of their individual gait and joint movements.
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This narrative review summarizes the most relevant anatomical structural and functional characteristics of the knee (stifle) joints of the major translational large animal species, comprising dogs, (mini)pigs, sheep, goats, and horses in comparison with humans. Specific characteristics of each species, including kinematical gait parameters are provided. Considering these multifactorial dimensions will allow to select the appropriate model for answering the research questions in a clinically relevant fashion.
人类膝关节是一个复杂的关节，会受到多种关节软骨疾病的影响。大型动物模型对于模拟影响功能性关节的复杂疾病机制至关重要。物种依赖性差异会极大地影响临床前研究的结果，需要加以考虑，这不仅需要了解宏观和微观的解剖学及病理学方面的具体知识，还需要了解其个体步态和关节运动的特征。
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本叙述性综述总结了主要转化大型动物物种（包括狗、（迷你）猪、绵羊、山羊和马）与人类相比膝关节（ stifle关节）最相关的解剖结构和功能特征。提供了每个物种的具体特征，包括运动步态参数。考虑这些多因素维度将有助于选择合适的模型，以临床相关的方式回答研究问题。
