IP-10 Levels in Patients Infected with HBV Predicts The Response to Treatment with Entecavir.

Interferon--inducible protein-10 (IP-10), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by different subsets of the immune cells and induces chemotaxis, apoptosis, growth of cells and angiostasis after binding to its receptor CXCR3. Inflammatory disorders, involving infectious diseases, immune dysfunction, and tumour growth have been linked to changes in CXCL10 levels. We aimed to investigate serum levels of IP-10 in chronic HBV infected patients undergoing treatment with entecavir and possible correlation with response to therapy. A total of 53 chronic HBV infected patients and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Patients included 20 with cirrhosis and 33 non-cirrhotic individuals. All patients received 0.5 mg/day entecavir and serum IP-10 level was determined by ELISA at baseline and at week 24 of treatment. mRNA expression of CXCR3 of PBMC was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Response to therapy was achieved in 27/33 (81.8%) non-cirrhotic and 14/20 (70%) cirrhotic patients. Mean serum IP-10 levels was higher in patients than healthy controls, and cirrhotic patients had higher IP-10 than non-cirrhotic patients (520 vs 293.5 pg/ml; P<0.005). Response to treatment was associated with decreased IP-10 levels. Before treatment, the mean level in non-cirrhotic patients was 235±54 pg/ml, which decreased to 95±34 pg/ml (P<0.005) at week 24 of treatment. Similarly, in the cirrhotic group, IP-10 decreased from 458±42 pg/ml to 354±25 pg/ml (P <0.05) after 24 weeks of treatment. On the other hand, no change in IP-10 levels was observed for patients who did not respond to treatment. Interestingly, IP-10 levels correlated with PBMC's expression of CXCR3 mRNA (r= 0.448, P = 0.004), ALT level (r=0.273, P =0.048), liver fibrosis score 4 (FIB-4) (r=0.664, P = 0.01) and HBV DNA level (r=0.762, P =0.0001). In conclusion; IP10 may be used to predict response to therapy in HBV-infected patients.