The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Int J Drug Policy. 2021 Jun;92:103114. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103114. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
This paper makes the case that existing typologies of political violence and state killing do not capture the character of extra-judicial killings seen in the Philippines' ongoing war on drugs, and its forerunner which took place in Thailand in 2003. It will argue that the thousands of murders witnessed in both campaigns represent a distinct form of targeted killing, which is state directed and biopolitical in form, in attempting to discipline vital aspects of human life. It is this disciplinary element which raises questions of vigilantism, which was historically an extra-legal form of social control. As a consequence, the paper responds to the lacuna in current targeted killing literature, which has neglected and as a consequence undertheorized how states utilise apparent vigilante violence for political ends in the context of the war on drugs. Comparing both Rodrigo Duterte and Thaksin Shinawatra's tactics in their respective wars on drugs, it will demonstrate that state vigilantism as a typological category refers to intense periods of extrajudicial killings, where the state seeks to dehumanise a target group while actively orchestrating vigilante style violence against it.
本文认为，现有的政治暴力和国家杀戮类型学无法捕捉到菲律宾正在进行的禁毒战争和其前身 2003 年在泰国发生的战争中所看到的法外杀戮的特征。本文将认为，在这两个运动中所见证的数千起谋杀案代表了一种独特的定点清除形式，这种形式是国家定向的和生物政治形式的，试图规范人类生命的重要方面。正是这种纪律因素引发了关于警戒主义的问题，警戒主义在历史上是一种非法的社会控制形式。因此，本文回应了当前定点清除文献中的空白，这些文献忽视了，因此也没有从理论上探讨国家如何在禁毒战争的背景下利用明显的警戒暴力来实现政治目的。通过比较罗德里戈·杜特尔特和他信·西那瓦在各自禁毒战争中的策略，本文将表明，作为一个类型学范畴的国家警戒主义是指国家试图使目标群体失去人性并积极策划针对他们的警戒风格暴力的法外杀戮的激烈时期。
