Ateneo de Manila University Development Studies Program, 4th Floor, Ricardo & Dr. Rosita Leong Hall, School of Social Sciences, Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City 1108, Philippines; University of the Philippines Diliman Department of Anthropology, Room 1317, 3rd Floor, Palma Hall Pavilion 1, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
Ateneo de Manila University Development Studies Program, 4th Floor, Ricardo & Dr. Rosita Leong Hall, School of Social Sciences, Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City 1108, Philippines.
Int J Drug Policy. 2021 Jun;92:103168. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103168. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
This paper articulates and problematises the 'exceptionalism' in the way shabu (crystal methamphetamine) is framed in political and popular discourse in the Philippines, and how these framings have informed and enabled the drug regime in the country, creating a 'state of exception' and justifying the killing-whether extrajudicially or through the death penalty-of people associated with the particular drug.
Two case studies are presented in this paper to demonstrate how political and civil society actors treat shabu, drawing on official statements, journalistic reportage, and published articles from various sources as empirical material, and using a problematisation framework to guide analysis.
'Methamphetamine exceptionalism' pervades public discourse in the Philippines, creating a social and political environment that is permissive for, if not outright supportive of, draconian measures particular toward people associated with shabu. Such views are rooted in the perception that shabu is especially dangerous as opposed to other drugs, thereby posing an exceptional threat to the body politic.
This paper underscores the importance of nuance in constructing and interrogating the objects of drug policy, given that different drugs are treated differently. Policy and communication interventions must therefore specifically address the ways in which shabu has been framed to justify not only Duterte's deadly drug war, but other such wars throughout the region.
本文阐明并探讨了在菲律宾政治和大众话语中沙雾（冰毒）被框定为“例外”的情况，以及这些框定如何为该国的毒品政策提供信息和支持，从而创造了“例外状态”，并为与特定毒品有关的人被杀害——无论是法外处决还是死刑——提供了正当理由。
本文通过两个案例研究来展示政治和民间社会行为者如何对待沙雾，利用官方声明、新闻报道和来自各种来源的已发表文章作为实证材料，并使用问题化框架来指导分析。
“冰毒例外主义”在菲律宾的公共话语中普遍存在，营造了一种社会和政治环境，对针对与沙雾有关的人的严厉措施持宽容态度，如果不是完全支持的话。这种观点源于一种观念，即沙雾比其他毒品更危险，因此对政治体构成了特殊的威胁。
本文强调了在构建和质疑毒品政策对象时细微差别很重要，因为不同的毒品受到不同的对待。因此，政策和宣传干预措施必须特别解决沙雾被框定为不仅为杜特尔特致命的禁毒战争，而且为该地区其他此类战争提供正当理由的方式。
