Aderotimi Tobi Sm, Kraft Jeannette K
Clarendon Wing Radiology Department, Leeds Children's Hospital, The Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
Ultrasound. 2021 Feb;29(1):48-56. doi: 10.1177/1742271X20951915. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
Ultrasound is the modality of choice in the evaluation of neonates and young children with suspected adrenal lesions including adrenal haemorrhage and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It is also the initial imaging modality in children presenting with an upper abdominal mass, which may be adrenal in origin. This paper shows adrenal anatomy and demonstrates how the sonographic features change with age. It reviews the imaging features of congenital adrenal lesions, as well as benign and malignant conditions affecting the adrenal gland in childhood. Ultrasound is a useful primary imaging modality in the assessment of the adrenal gland in children. Knowledge of the changes of the adrenal gland with age is important when assessing the adrenal gland. Ultrasound is also useful for assessing abdominal masses. However, it cannot differentiate adrenal masses, therefore correlation with biochemical findings, multimodality imaging, and histology is usually required.
超声是评估疑似肾上腺病变（包括肾上腺出血和先天性肾上腺增生）的新生儿和幼儿的首选检查方法。对于出现上腹部肿块（可能起源于肾上腺）的儿童，超声也是初始的影像学检查方法。本文展示了肾上腺的解剖结构，并说明了超声特征如何随年龄变化。它回顾了先天性肾上腺病变以及影响儿童肾上腺的良性和恶性疾病的影像学特征。超声是评估儿童肾上腺的一种有用的初始影像学检查方法。在评估肾上腺时，了解肾上腺随年龄的变化很重要。超声对于评估腹部肿块也很有用。然而，它无法区分肾上腺肿块，因此通常需要结合生化检查结果、多模态成像和组织学进行综合判断。
