Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Front Public Health. 2021 Jan 20;8:603217. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.603217. eCollection 2020.
The occurrence and survival of enteric viruses in open surface waters can be impacted by a host of factors including fecal emission levels, seasonal variations, virus stability and the physicochemical parameters. In this research, we aimed to document the association between contaminations of water samples with human enteric viruses (adenoviruses and enteroviruses) from a freshwater lake with variations in chemical contaminants. We collected 216 water samples from October 2010 to April 2012, from a 4 km stretch along Lake Victoria (LV) basin in Homa Bay town located in the western region of Kenya. The samples were analyzed for the existence of human adenoviruses (HAdV) and human enteroviruses (HEV), using the nested PCR (nPCR). We also assessed in the water samples the levels of twelve chemical contaminants consisting of six heavy metal elements and six anions. About 8.3 % of the samples were found to be contaminated with the enteric viruses. The concentrations of the 12 chemical contaminants were found to be largely within the WHO suggested limits. Most of the chemical contaminants were not related to the detection rates of the viruses from the statistical analysis. However, some positive and negative associations between the viral genome's detection and the chemical concentrations were established for only three metals (Fe, Pb, Cd) and the PO4 Radical. Cd had a weak positive significant relationship with HAdV (rho = 0.146, = 0.032) while Pb and Fe had a weak positive significant relationship with HEV genome detection (rho = 0.156, = 0.022) and (rho = 0.148 and = 0.029) respectively. There was a modest negative relationship between phosphate ions and HEV (rho = -0.174, = 0.010). The results of our study do not provide support for the hypothesis of an association between the presence of human enteric viruses and the levels of twelve chemical contaminants.
在开阔的地表水中，肠道病毒的出现和存活可能会受到多种因素的影响，包括粪便排放量、季节性变化、病毒稳定性以及物理化学参数。在这项研究中，我们旨在记录肯尼亚西部霍马湾镇维多利亚湖（LV）流域 4 公里长的一段沿湖水样本中人类肠道病毒（腺病毒和肠道病毒）与化学污染物变化之间的关联。我们于 2010 年 10 月至 2012 年 4 月期间采集了 216 个水样本，使用巢式 PCR（nPCR）对水样中的人类腺病毒（HAdV）和人类肠道病毒（HEV）进行了分析。我们还评估了水样中包含的 12 种化学污染物的水平，其中包含 6 种重金属元素和 6 种阴离子。约 8.3%的样本被发现受到肠道病毒的污染。水样中 12 种化学污染物的浓度大多在世界卫生组织建议的限度内。从统计分析来看，大多数化学污染物与病毒的检出率没有关系。然而，仅在三种金属（铁、铅、镉）和 PO4 自由基与病毒基因组检测之间建立了一些阳性和阴性关联。镉与 HAdV 呈弱正显著相关（rho = 0.146， = 0.032），而铅和铁与 HEV 基因组检测呈弱正显著相关（rho = 0.156， = 0.022）和（rho = 0.148， = 0.029）。磷酸盐离子与 HEV 呈适度负相关（rho = -0.174， = 0.010）。我们的研究结果不支持人类肠道病毒的存在与 12 种化学污染物水平之间存在关联的假设。
