Université de Rennes 1.
Unit of Ethology.
J Comp Psychol. 2021 Feb;135(1):98-113. doi: 10.1037/com0000252.
Primate communication relies strongly on the visual modality, notably through the production of a wide range of expressive facial signals. We investigated here the facial display repertoire of a relatively little-studied cercopithecid species, red-capped mangabeys (), and questioned whether their facial displays were dependent on social contexts and accompanied by indices of intentionality. Although the dual intentional and emotional use of apes' facial expressions has recently been suggested, the question of whether monkeys produce facial expressions intentionally to communicate remains open. We described 6 facial displays produced by captive red-capped mangabeys in social contexts. They are based on movements of the mouth, eyebrows, and ears, possibly graded in intensity and produced independently or in combination. We showed that most of the facial displays were produced preferentially in specific social contexts and that repertoires varied with subjects' characteristics, highlighting the communicative function of these displays. Moreover, behavioral markers of intentionality commonly used in gestural studies were found to accompany the production of some of the facial signals observed. Particularly, playful "open mouth" appeared strongly associated with intentionality indices, as previously noticed in ape species. All other facial displays, except yawns, did not exhibit all defined intentional indices but were, at least, directed toward a recipient. Interestingly, yawns presented different variants of intensity associated presumably with different social functions. Altogether, these results emphasize the communicative function of red-capped mangabeys' facial displays and provide a basis for further research on their intentional communication. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
灵长类动物的交流主要依赖于视觉模式，特别是通过产生广泛的表情面部信号。我们在这里研究了一种相对研究较少的长尾猴物种——红帽卷尾猴的面部展示 repertoire，并质疑它们的面部展示是否依赖于社会背景，并伴有意图指标。尽管最近有人提出了类人猿面部表情的双重意图和情感用途，但猴子是否有意地产生面部表情来进行交流的问题仍然存在争议。我们描述了 6 种在社交环境中由圈养红帽卷尾猴产生的面部表情。它们基于嘴、眉毛和耳朵的运动，可能在强度上有所分级，并且可以独立或组合产生。我们表明，大多数面部表情主要在特定的社会背景下产生，而且 repertoires 因主体的特征而异，突出了这些表情的交流功能。此外，在手势研究中常用的意图行为标记被发现伴随着一些观察到的面部信号的产生。特别是，如在类人猿物种中所注意到的那样，“张开嘴”的玩耍行为与意图指数密切相关。除了打哈欠之外，所有其他的面部表情都没有表现出所有定义的意图指标，但至少是针对接收者的。有趣的是，打哈欠呈现出不同强度的变体，可能与不同的社会功能有关。总的来说，这些结果强调了红帽卷尾猴面部表情的交流功能，并为进一步研究它们的有意交流提供了基础。
