Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2021 Jun;164:9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.004. Epub 2021 Feb 5.
Previous studies have found that self-awareness can help people to recruit more cognitive resources, while people with more cognitive resources can better buffer the detrimental effects of negative events. However, it is not clear whether self-awareness can directly buffer the consequences of negative feedback (i.e., reducing neural sensitivity to negative feedback). To explore this issue, we used a scrambled sentence task (SST) to manipulate participants' self-awareness (self vs. other) and investigated whether outcome evaluations in a gambling task are modulated by the self-awareness priming. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while 27 normal adults performed a gambling task. The ERP analysis focused on the feedback-related negativity (FRN), reward positivity (RewP) and P300 component. We found that the self-awareness priming resulted in a smaller FRN response to the losses compared with the other-awareness priming. There was no significant difference in the RewP response to wins between the self-awareness condition and the other-awareness condition. We also found that the self-awareness condition evoked larger P300 amplitude than the other-awareness condition. The present findings suggest that self-awareness can help people to cope with negative feedback in the early semiautomatic outcome evaluation stage (i.e., reducing neural sensitivity to negative feedback) and enhance top-down evaluation to both positive and negative feedback in the late and deliberate stage, providing direct evidence of the adaptive function of self-awareness on outcome experience.
先前的研究发现，自我意识可以帮助人们招募更多的认知资源，而拥有更多认知资源的人可以更好地缓冲负面事件的不利影响。然而，自我意识是否可以直接缓冲负面反馈的后果（即，降低对负面反馈的神经敏感性）尚不清楚。为了探讨这个问题，我们使用了一个打乱句子的任务（SST）来操纵参与者的自我意识（自我与他人），并研究了在赌博任务中的结果评估是否受到自我意识启动的调节。当 27 名正常成年人执行赌博任务时，记录了事件相关脑电位（ERP）。ERP 分析集中在反馈相关负波（FRN）、奖励正波（RewP）和 P300 成分上。我们发现，与他人意识启动相比，自我意识启动导致对损失的 FRN 反应更小。自我意识条件与他人意识条件下对赢的 RewP 反应没有显著差异。我们还发现，自我意识条件比他人意识条件诱发更大的 P300 幅度。本研究结果表明，自我意识可以帮助人们在早期半自动结果评估阶段应对负面反馈（即，降低对负面反馈的神经敏感性），并在晚期和深思熟虑阶段增强对正负反馈的自上而下的评估，为自我意识对结果体验的适应性功能提供了直接证据。
