Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Apr 15;275:116640. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116640. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Biofertilizer can improve soil quality, especially the microbiome composition, which potentially affect soil nitrogen (N) cycling. However, little is known about the responses of nitrous oxide (NO) emission and ammonia (NH) volatilization from biochar-amended paddy soil to the biofertilizer application. Therefore, we conducted a soil column experiment using four 240 kg N ha (equivalent to 1.7 g N pot) treatments consisting of biofertilizer (3 t ha, equivalent to 21.2 g pot), biochar (7.5 t ha, equivalent to 63.6 g pot), and a mixture of biofertilizer and biochar at the same rate and a control (CK). The results showed that the NO emissions and NH volatilizations were equivalent to 0.15-0.28% and 18.0-31.5% of rice seasonal N applied to the four treatments, respectively. Two treatments with biofertilizer and biochar individual amendment significantly increased (P < 0.05) the NO emissions to same degree by 30.2%, while co-application of biochar and biofertilizer further increased the NO emission by 74.4% compared to the control. The higher NO emission was likely attributed to the increased gene copies of AOA, nirK, and nirS. Applying biofertilizer significantly increased (P < 0.05) NH volatilization by 24.7% relative to the control, while applying biochar had no influence on NH volatilization. Co-application of biofertilizer and biochar significantly decreased (P < 0.05) NH volatilization by 12.3% compared to the control. Overall, the net global warming potential based on NH and NO in current study increased by 13.0-26.0% in both the individual- and co-application of biofertilizer and biochar. Interestingly, both individual- and co-applications of biofertilizer and biochar increased the rice grain yield by 16.5-38.3%. Therefore, applications of biofertilizer and biochar did not increase the GHGI. Particularly, the co-applying of them significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the GHGI by 15.2%. In conclusion, biofertilizer and biochar should be co-applied to achieve the goals of environment protection and food security.
生物肥料可以改善土壤质量，特别是微生物群落组成，这可能会影响土壤氮（N）循环。然而，对于生物肥料的应用，生物炭改良稻田中一氧化二氮（NO）排放和氨（NH）挥发对土壤的响应知之甚少。因此，我们使用四个 240kgNha（相当于 1.7gNpot）的土壤柱实验处理，包括生物肥料（3t/ha，相当于 21.2gpot）、生物炭（7.5t/ha，相当于 63.6gpot）和以相同速率混合生物肥料和生物炭的混合物以及对照（CK）。结果表明，NO 排放和 NH 挥发分别相当于四种处理中每季施入水稻 N 的 0.15-0.28%和 18.0-31.5%。单独施用生物肥料和生物炭的两种处理对 NO 排放的促进作用相同，增加了 30.2%，而生物炭和生物肥料的共同施用与对照相比，NO 排放进一步增加了 74.4%。较高的 NO 排放可能归因于氨氧化古菌（AOA）、nirK 和 nirS 的基因拷贝增加。与对照相比，施用生物肥料显著增加（P<0.05）NH 挥发 24.7%，而施用生物炭对 NH 挥发没有影响。生物肥料和生物炭的共同施用与对照相比，NH 挥发显著减少（P<0.05）12.3%。总的来说，基于当前研究中 NH 和 NO 的净全球变暖潜势，生物肥料和生物炭的单独和共同施用增加了 13.0-26.0%。有趣的是，生物肥料和生物炭的单独和共同施用均使水稻籽粒产量增加了 16.5-38.3%。因此，生物肥料和生物炭的应用并没有增加 GHGI。特别是，它们的共同施用显著降低（P<0.05）了 15.2%的 GHGI。总之，应共同施用生物肥料和生物炭，以实现环境保护和粮食安全的目标。
