Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box, 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Feb 8;14(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04605-9.
With the increasing number of free-range domestic chickens, helminth parasites have potentially become more of a threat to commercial flocks in recent years, and routine poultry deworming is needed to improve the efficiency of chicken production. The present study deals with a field trial to study the efficacy of two generally used anthelmintics, fenbendazole and levamisole, against gastrointestinal nematodes of domestic chickens in northern Iran.
Of 45 domestic chicken flocks involved in the study, 20 flocks were selected to participate in fecal egg count reduction testing based on flock size from April 2017 to September 2018. The infected chickens were randomly divided into three equal groups of 30 each. Ninety chickens in the infected groups received one of the following treatments (d 0 of treatment): Group 1: 5 mg kg body weight (BW) fenbendazole for 3 consecutive days; Group 2: 16 mg kg BW levamisole; Group 3 control: placebo, water + DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide). The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by comparing fecal egg counts in the treated and control groups.
Examination of three flocks of chickens from the control group showed that 95.0% of the animals were infected with gastrointestinal nematodes with an average geometric value of 361 eggs per gram of feces. Fenbendazole at a dose of 5 mg kg BW for 3 days showed an efficacy of 83.7% (P ≥ 0.05), and levamisole at a dose of 16 mg kg BW showed 71.8% efficacy (P ≥ 0.05) with geometric mean eggs in a gram of feces of 100 and 199.6, respectively. In general, fenbendazole and levamisole treatment led to significantly lower activity. The result of this study revealed that fenbendazole was a better and more effective dewormer than levamisole on the three Iranian domestic chicken flocks, but the difference was not significant. Capillaria spp. were the most generally resistant nematodes followed by Trichostrongylus spp. and Amidostomum anseris.
Our results indicated that fenbendazole and levamisole effectively reduced the number of nemathodes in three Iranian domestic chicken flocks. Given the results of our study, resistance can be expected in the parasitic helminths of poultry. Additional larger scale studies are required to determine the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in the poultry industry.
随着散养国内鸡数量的增加，近年来寄生虫对商业鸡群的威胁可能越来越大，需要常规的家禽驱虫来提高鸡的生产效率。本研究对伊朗北部两种常用驱虫药芬苯达唑和左旋咪唑对国内鸡胃肠道线虫的疗效进行了田间试验。
在参与研究的 45 个国内鸡群中，根据鸡群规模，从 2017 年 4 月至 2018 年 9 月选择 20 个鸡群进行粪便卵计数减少试验。受感染的鸡被随机分为三组，每组 30 只。受感染的 90 只鸡接受以下三种治疗之一（治疗 d0）：组 1：连续 3 天 5mg/kg 体重的芬苯达唑；组 2：16mg/kg 体重的左旋咪唑；组 3：对照组，水+DMSO（二甲亚砜）。通过比较治疗组和对照组的粪便卵计数来评估治疗效果。
对来自对照组的三组鸡进行检查，发现 95.0%的动物感染了胃肠道线虫，平均每克粪便中有 361 个虫卵。5mg/kgBW 剂量的芬苯达唑连续 3 天的疗效为 83.7%（P≥0.05），16mg/kgBW 剂量的左旋咪唑的疗效为 71.8%（P≥0.05），每克粪便中的几何平均虫卵数分别为 100 和 199.6。一般来说，芬苯达唑和左旋咪唑的治疗导致活性显著降低。本研究结果表明，在伊朗的三个国内鸡群中，芬苯达唑是一种比左旋咪唑更好、更有效的驱虫药，但差异不显著。Capillaria spp.是最普遍的耐药线虫，其次是 Trichostrongylus spp.和 Amidostomum anseris。
我们的结果表明，芬苯达唑和左旋咪唑能有效降低伊朗三个国内鸡群的线虫数量。考虑到我们的研究结果，预计家禽寄生虫的抗药性会增加。需要进行更大规模的研究来确定家禽养殖业中驱虫剂耐药性的流行情况。
