Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
J Cell Sci. 2021 Feb 8;134(3):jcs253534. doi: 10.1242/jcs.253534.
Immune cells are especially dependent on the proper functioning of the actin cytoskeleton, and both innate and adaptive responses rely on it. Leukocytes need to adhere not only to substrates but also to cells in order to form synapses that pass on instructions or kill infected cells. Neutrophils literally squeeze their cell body during blood extravasation and efficiently migrate to the inflammatory focus. Moreover, the development of immune cells requires the remodeling of their cytoskeleton as it depends on, among other processes, adhesive contacts and migration. In recent years, the number of reports describing cytoskeletal defects that compromise the immune system has increased immensely. Furthermore, a new emerging paradigm points toward a role for the cellular actin content as an essential component of the so-called homeostasis-altering molecular processes that induce the activation of innate immune signaling pathways. Here, we review the role of critical actin-cytoskeleton-remodeling proteins, including the Arp2/3 complex, cofilin, coronin and WD40-repeat containing protein 1 (WDR1), in immune pathophysiology, with a special focus on autoimmune and autoinflammatory traits.
免疫细胞尤其依赖肌动蛋白细胞骨架的正常功能，先天免疫和适应性反应都依赖于它。白细胞不仅需要黏附在基质上，还需要黏附在细胞上，以形成传递指令或杀死感染细胞的突触。中性粒细胞在血液渗出过程中实际上会挤压其细胞体，并有效地迁移到炎症焦点。此外，免疫细胞的发育需要重塑其细胞骨架，因为它依赖于黏附接触和迁移等过程。近年来，描述细胞骨架缺陷会损害免疫系统的报告数量大大增加。此外，一个新的涌现的范例指出，细胞内肌动蛋白含量作为所谓的改变内稳态的分子过程的一个重要组成部分，该过程诱导先天免疫信号通路的激活。在这里，我们综述了关键的肌动蛋白细胞骨架重塑蛋白（包括 Arp2/3 复合物、丝切蛋白、冠状蛋白和 WD40 重复蛋白 1（WDR1））在免疫病理生理学中的作用，特别关注自身免疫和自身炎症特征。
