Turner Paul J, Ansotegui Ignacio J, Campbell Dianne E, Cardona Victoria, Ebisawa Motohiro, El-Gamal Yehia, Fineman Stanley, Geller Mario, Gonzalez-Estrada Alexei, Greenberger Paul A, Leung Agnes S Y, Levin Michael E, Muraro Antonella, Sánchez Borges Mario, Senna Gianenrico, Tanno Luciana K, Yu-Hor Thong Bernard, Worm Margitta
National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
World Allergy Organ J. 2021 Feb;14(2):100517. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100517. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Vaccines against COVID-19 (and its emerging variants) are an essential global intervention to control the current pandemic situation. Vaccines often cause adverse events; however, the vast majority of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are a consequence of the vaccine stimulating a protective immune response, and not allergic in etiology. Anaphylaxis as an AEFI is uncommon, occurring at a rate of less than 1 per million doses for most vaccines. However, within the first days of initiating mass vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2, there were reports of anaphylaxis from the United Kingdom and United States. More recent data imply an incidence of anaphylaxis closer to 1:200,000 doses with respect to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. In this position paper, we discuss the background to reactions to the current COVID-19 vaccines and relevant steps to mitigate against the risk of anaphylaxis as an AEFI. We propose a global surveillance strategy led by allergists in order to understand the potential risk and generate data to inform evidence-based guidance, and thus provide reassurance to public health bodies and members of the public.
针对新型冠状病毒肺炎(及其新出现的变种)的疫苗是控制当前疫情局势的一项重要全球干预措施。疫苗常常会引发不良事件;然而,绝大多数免疫接种后不良事件(AEFI)是疫苗激发保护性免疫反应的结果,而非过敏性病因。作为一种AEFI,过敏反应并不常见,大多数疫苗的发生率低于百万分之一剂次。然而,在开始大规模接种辉瑞 - 生物科技公司的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗BNT162b2的最初几天内,英国和美国均有过敏反应的报告。最新数据表明,辉瑞 - 生物科技公司疫苗的过敏反应发生率接近二十万分之一剂次。在本立场文件中,我们讨论了当前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗反应的背景以及减轻过敏反应作为AEFI风险的相关措施。我们提议由过敏症专科医生主导一项全球监测策略,以了解潜在风险并生成数据,为循证指南提供依据,从而让公共卫生机构和公众安心。