Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(23):29287-29303. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12541-5. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
Korotoa River is one of the most important urban rivers in Bangladesh for its utilization in various activities like agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, cooking, and other purposes. There have been some reports on the trace element (TE) levels in the surface water of Korotoa River, but its deep water has never been studied. Therefore, the author measured 10 TEs (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in surface and deep water samples and assessed their health risks for residential and recreational receptors. The levels of studied elements in deep water were slightly higher than those in surface water except for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn during the dry season and Pb, Hg, and Fe during the wet season. Total TE levels in both surface and deep waters were higher in the dry season than in the wet season. The levels of trace elements in both surface and deep waters were much higher than the guideline values for safe limits of drinking water and the protection of freshwater aquatic life, indicating that water from this river is not safe for drinking and/or cooking purposes. All hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values were higher than the risk threshold of unity. HI values for children were higher than those for adults, indicating that the health of children is at dramatically higher risk than that of adults. Arsenic, Pb, and Hg for the water ingestion pathway were the primary contributors to total risk (HI), while As and Cr for the dermal pathway, indicating that As, Pb, and Cr, among the TEs, are major contributors to total health risk. Total carcinogenic risk values of As and Cr in surface and deep waters were higher than the target risk of 1 × 10, indicating that TEs in surface and deep waters of the Korotoa River might pose health risks to the residential and recreational users. The results of this study can provide the basic data for efficient water management and human health protection in Bangladesh.
科罗托亚河是孟加拉国最重要的城市河流之一，它在农业、水产养殖、渔业、烹饪和其他方面都有广泛的应用。已经有一些关于科罗托亚河地表水微量元素（TE）水平的报道，但对其深层水从未进行过研究。因此，作者测量了表面和深层水样中的 10 种 TE（As、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cr、Ni、Cu、Fe、Mn 和 Zn），并评估了它们对居住和娱乐受体的健康风险。除了 Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn 和 Zn 在旱季，Pb、Hg 和 Fe 在雨季，深层水中的研究元素水平略高于地表水。无论是在旱季还是雨季，深层水和地表水的总 TE 水平在旱季都高于雨季。无论是在旱季还是雨季，地表水和深层水的微量元素水平都远高于安全饮用水限值和淡水水生生物保护的指导值，这表明这条河的水不适合饮用和/或烹饪。所有危害商（HQ）和危害指数（HI）值均高于 1 的风险阈值。儿童的 HI 值高于成人，表明儿童的健康风险明显高于成人。水摄入途径的砷、Pb 和 Hg 是总风险（HI）的主要贡献者，而皮肤途径的 As 和 Cr 是总风险的主要贡献者，这表明在 TE 中，As、Pb 和 Cr 是总健康风险的主要贡献者。地表水和深层水中 As 和 Cr 的总致癌风险值高于目标风险 1×10，这表明科罗托亚河地表水和深层水中的 TE 可能对居住和娱乐用户的健康构成威胁。本研究的结果可为孟加拉国的高效水资源管理和人类健康保护提供基础数据。
