Ogawa Satoshi, Pfaff Donald W, Parhar Ishwar S
Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, U.S.A.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2021 Jun;96(3):999-1020. doi: 10.1111/brv.12689. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
Mechanisms for fish social behaviours involve a social brain network (SBN) which is evolutionarily conserved among vertebrates. However, considerable diversity is observed in the actual behaviour patterns amongst nearly 30000 fish species. The huge variation found in socio-sexual behaviours and strategies is likely generated by a morphologically and genetically well-conserved small forebrain system. Hence, teleost fish provide a useful model to study the fundamental mechanisms underlying social brain functions. Herein we review the foundations underlying fish social behaviours including sensory, hormonal, molecular and neuroanatomical features. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons clearly play important roles, but the participation of vasotocin and isotocin is also highlighted. Genetic investigations of developing fish brain have revealed the molecular complexity of neural development of the SBN. In addition to straightforward social behaviours such as sex and aggression, new experiments have revealed higher order and unique phenomena such as social eavesdropping and social buffering in fish. Finally, observations interpreted as 'collective cognition' in fish can likely be explained by careful observation of sensory determinants and analyses using the dynamics of quantitative scaling. Understanding of the functions of the SBN in fish provide clues for understanding the origin and evolution of higher social functions in vertebrates.
鱼类社会行为的机制涉及一个社会脑网络（SBN），该网络在脊椎动物中具有进化保守性。然而，在近30000种鱼类的实际行为模式中观察到了相当大的多样性。在社会性行为和策略中发现的巨大差异可能是由一个形态和基因上高度保守的小前脑系统产生的。因此，硬骨鱼为研究社会脑功能的基本机制提供了一个有用的模型。在此，我们综述了鱼类社会行为的基础，包括感觉、激素、分子和神经解剖学特征。促性腺激素释放激素神经元显然起着重要作用，但血管紧张素和异血管紧张素的参与也得到了强调。对发育中鱼类大脑的基因研究揭示了SBN神经发育的分子复杂性。除了诸如性别和攻击等直接的社会行为外，新的实验还揭示了鱼类中诸如社会窃听和社会缓冲等更高层次和独特的现象。最后，对鱼类中被解释为“集体认知”的观察结果，很可能可以通过仔细观察感觉决定因素并使用定量缩放动力学进行分析来解释。了解鱼类中SBN的功能为理解脊椎动物更高社会功能的起源和进化提供了线索。
