Ceska Gynekol. 2020 Winter;85(4):244-253.
Evaluation of the development of assisted reproduction methods and their success from the time of their origin to the present.
Review article.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague.
Literature search using the Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed databases with keywords (assisted reproduction, in vitro fertilization, infertility, ICSI, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, OHSS, uterine transplantation) and analysis of articles published in impact and reviewed journals.
At present children born using assisted reproduction methods are not considered as a miracle of modern medicine, but as a more difficult way of human reproduction. Reproductive medicine helps to fulfill the desires of infertile couples for their own child and thus improve the quality of their life. Since its introduction into clinical practice it has made extraordinary progress. Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe, thanks to systematic scientific research and clinical work, contributed to the birth of the first „test tube“ baby in 1978. Edwards received the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his discoveries in the field of assisted reproduction. The first child of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic was born in 1982 in Brno. In 1986, the worlds first cryoembryotransfer was performed. 1990 was the beginning of preimplantation genetic examination. In 1992, the first pregnancy was achieved using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The work of specialists in reproductive medicine results in more than 8 million births worldwide.
Despite the fact that around 4000 children are born in the Czech Republic each year using assisted reproduction methods, its methods are rejected by part of the society. Assisted reproduction brings a number of controversies, but the spread of information smog around it should not suppress a rational view of the professional and general public. Indications for assisted reproduction vary, often are on the male side, but the age of the infertile woman is the most important determinant of the success of the process. The question is whether the continuous improvement of medical technologies and scientific discoveries threatens to inadequate manipulation of human gametes or embryos. The society should monitor these controversial aspects through its legislative and control mechanisms and ensure that these methods are not misused for other than strictly medical purposes.
评估辅助生殖方法从起源到现在的发展及其成功率。
综述文章。
布拉格第二医科大学和莫托勒大学医院妇产科。
使用 Web of Science、Google Scholar 和 PubMed 数据库，使用关键词（辅助生殖、体外受精、不孕、ICSI、卵巢过度刺激综合征、OHSS、子宫移植）进行文献检索，并分析发表在有影响力和经过评审的期刊上的文章。
目前，通过辅助生殖方法出生的婴儿不再被视为现代医学的奇迹，而是一种更为困难的人类生殖方式。生殖医学帮助不孕夫妇实现生育自己孩子的愿望，从而提高他们的生活质量。自引入临床实践以来，它取得了非凡的进步。罗伯特·爱德华兹和帕特里克·斯特普托通过系统的科学研究和临床工作，为 1978 年首例“试管婴儿”的诞生做出了贡献。爱德华兹因在辅助生殖领域的发现获得 2010 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。捷克共和国首例辅助生殖婴儿于 1982 年在布尔诺出生。1986 年，世界上首例冷冻胚胎移植完成。1990 年开始进行胚胎植入前遗传学检查。1992 年，首例使用胞浆内精子注射的妊娠成功。生殖医学专家的工作导致全球超过 800 万婴儿的诞生。
尽管每年在捷克共和国有大约 4000 名儿童通过辅助生殖方法出生，但该方法仍受到部分社会的反对。辅助生殖带来了一系列争议，但不应通过信息迷雾来压制专业人士和公众的理性观点。辅助生殖的适应证各不相同，通常与男性有关，但不孕妇女的年龄是决定该过程成功率的最重要因素。问题是，医疗技术的不断改进和科学发现是否会威胁到对人类配子或胚胎的不当操作。社会应通过其立法和控制机制监测这些有争议的方面，并确保这些方法不会被滥用于非医疗目的。
