Alonso Silvia, Caceres Sara, Vélez Daniel, Sanz Luis, Silvan Gema, Illera Maria Jose, Illera Juan Carlos
Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 Feb 9;21(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03617-8.
The interaction of hormonal factors are crucial for good foetal development. During the second trimester of gestation, most of the main physiological processes of foetal development occur. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the variations in the physiological levels of cortisol, estriol, estrone sulphate, and progesterone during the second trimester (weeks 12-26) in order to establish normal ranges that can serve as indicators of foetal well-being and good functioning of the foetal-placental unit.
Saliva samples from 106 pregnant women were collected weekly (from week 12 to week 26 of gestation), and hormonal measurements were assayed by an enzyme immunoassay. The technique used for hormone measurements was highly sensitive and served as a non-invasive method for sample collection.
The results revealed a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between cortisol, progesterone, and oestrogens throughout the second trimester, with a more substantial relationship between oestrogens and progesterone [P4-E3 (r=0.427); P4-E1SO4 (r=0.419)]. By analysing these hormone concentrations, statistically significant (p<0.05) elevations in progesterone, cortisol, and estriol levels were found at the 16 [(P4 (0.78±0.088), C(1.99±0.116), E3(2.513±0.114)]; 18th [(P4 (1.116±0.144), C(3.409±0.137), E3(3.043±0.123)] and 23rd week of gestation [(P4(1.36±0.153), C(1.936±0.11), E3(2.657±0.07)]. Estrone sulphate levels appeared to increase progressively throughout the second trimester [from 1.103±0.03 to 2.244±0.09].
The 18th week of gestation seems to constitute a very important week during foetal adrenal development, and the analysis of the main hormones involved in foetal development, provided more precise information regarding the proper functioning of the foetal unit and foetal development.
激素因素的相互作用对胎儿的良好发育至关重要。在妊娠中期，胎儿发育的大多数主要生理过程都会发生。因此，本研究的目的是确定妊娠中期（第12 - 26周）皮质醇、雌三醇、硫酸雌酮和孕酮的生理水平变化，以建立可作为胎儿健康和胎儿 - 胎盘单位良好功能指标的正常范围。
每周（从妊娠第12周到第26周）收集106名孕妇的唾液样本，并通过酶免疫测定法检测激素水平。用于激素测量的技术高度敏感，是一种非侵入性的样本采集方法。
结果显示，在整个妊娠中期，皮质醇、孕酮和雌激素之间存在统计学上的显著差异（p<0.05），雌激素和孕酮之间的关系更为密切[P4 - E3（r = 0.427）；P4 - E1SO4（r = 0.419）]。通过分析这些激素浓度，发现在妊娠第16周[P4（0.78±0.088），C（1.99±0.116），E3（2.513±0.114）]、第18周[P4（1.116±0.144），C（3.409±0.137），E3（3.043±0.123）]和第23周[P4（1.36±0.153），C（1.936±0.11），E3（2.657±0.07）]时，孕酮、皮质醇和雌三醇水平有统计学上的显著升高（p<0.05）。硫酸雌酮水平在整个妊娠中期似乎逐渐升高[从1.103±0.03升至2.244±0.09]。
妊娠第18周似乎是胎儿肾上腺发育过程中非常重要的一周，对参与胎儿发育的主要激素进行分析，能提供有关胎儿单位正常功能和胎儿发育的更精确信息。
