Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal.
BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Feb 9;14(2):e239448. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239448.
Primary intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) is an uncommon type of intracerebral haemorrhage, accounting for only 0.31% of all strokes and 3.1% of all intracerebral haemorrhages. Due to the low incidence of PIVH, little is known about its clinical characteristics, risk factors, aetiologies, prognosis and treatment. Acute hydrocephalus is common and is associated with a poor prognosis. External ventricular drainage (EVD) could promptly reduce intracranial pressure by diverting cerebrospinal fluid and intraventricular blood; however, the incidence of complications such as central nervous system infection, catheter occlusion and rebleeding are relatively common. Despite being an invasive procedure, frontal minicraniotomy is an available therapeutic option to avoid complications of EVD. The authors report a case of a PIVH managed with frontal minicraniotomy and perform a literature review about epidemiological data, clinical features and treatment of PIVH.
原发性脑室内出血（PIVH）是一种罕见的脑出血类型，仅占所有中风的 0.31%和所有脑出血的 3.1%。由于 PIVH 的发病率较低，因此对其临床特征、危险因素、病因、预后和治疗知之甚少。急性脑积水很常见，且与不良预后相关。外引流（EVD）可以通过引流脑脊液和脑室内血液迅速降低颅内压；然而，中枢神经系统感染、导管堵塞和再出血等并发症的发生率相对较高。尽管是一种有创性操作，但额部小骨窗开颅术是一种可选择的治疗方法，可以避免 EVD 相关并发症。作者报告了一例 PIVH 经额部小骨窗开颅术治疗的病例，并对 PIVH 的流行病学数据、临床特征和治疗进行了文献复习。
