Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy -
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 Dec;61(12):1682-1689. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12011-0. Epub 2021 Feb 10.
Schools constitute the ideal setting in which children's physical activity, physical fitness, and health status can improve. However, intervention protocols and their effectiveness vary considerably. The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in physical fitness and overweight and obesity prevalence between children attending structured physical education classes held by a specialized teacher (EXP) or traditional classes of equal duration held by an ordinary teacher (TRAD).
Anthropometric and fitness parameters were assessed in a convenience sample of 12,519 1 grade schoolchildren over 3 subsequent school years. Six field-based tests were used to assess physical fitness.
Physical fitness improved more in the EXP group than in the TRAD group, except for flexibility (sit and reach). At the end of the 3 year, the EXP children performed better than did the TRAD children (P<0.001) in Léger (girls: +34%, boys: +30%), agility shuttle (girls: -10%, boys: -9%), long jump (girls: +9%, boys: +8%), frontal basketball throw (girls: +11%, boys: +10%), and standing balance (girls: +18%, boys: +28%). The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 5% lower in the EXP than in the TRAD group at the 3-year follow-up.
The proposed teacher-driven intervention, which was focused on the quality rather than the duration of time spent in the gym during school hours, was effective in improving children's physical fitness. Furthermore, the decrease in the prevalence of obesity and overweight suggests the intervention can improve heavier children's weight status.
学校是改善儿童身体活动、身体素质和健康状况的理想场所。然而，干预方案及其效果差异很大。本研究旨在调查接受专业教师（EXP）教授的结构化体育课和普通教师（TRAD）教授的同等时长传统体育课的儿童在身体素质和超重肥胖患病率方面的差异。
在随后的 3 个学年中，对 12519 名 1 年级小学生进行了便利抽样，评估了他们的人体测量学和身体素质参数。使用 6 项基于现场的测试来评估身体素质。
除了柔韧性（坐式前伸）外，EXP 组的身体素质提高幅度大于 TRAD 组。在 3 年结束时，与 TRAD 组相比，EXP 组的儿童表现更好（P<0.001），在 Léger（女孩：+34%，男孩：+30%）、敏捷穿梭（女孩：-10%，男孩：-9%）、跳远（女孩：+9%，男孩：+8%）、正面篮球投掷（女孩：+11%，男孩：+10%）和站立平衡（女孩：+18%，男孩：+28%）方面表现更好。在 3 年随访时，EXP 组的肥胖和超重患病率比 TRAD 组低 5%。
该研究提出的以教师为主导的干预措施，侧重于在学校上课时间内提高体育课的质量，而不是时间长度，对提高儿童的身体素质是有效的。此外，肥胖和超重患病率的下降表明，干预措施可以改善肥胖儿童的体重状况。
