Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Methods Enzymol. 2020;645:109-118. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.09.004. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and involved in intercellular communications among close and distant cells. Exosomes encapsulate and carry biomolecules as cargo to the recipient cells. They contain nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, microRNA) proteins and lipids. Each exosomal components may be isolated and be studied by specific techniques. In this chapter, different methods will be described to isolate DNA from exosomes, since it is important in shaping the response of the recipient cells following the exosome uptake in multiple scenarios, including physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, the exosomal DNA may be a novel biomarker for diagnosis, disease progression and patient's treatment response.
外泌体是细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡，参与近距离和远距离细胞之间的细胞间通讯。外泌体将生物分子包裹并携带作为货物传递给受体细胞。它们包含核酸（DNA、RNA、microRNA）、蛋白质和脂质。每个外泌体的成分都可以通过特定的技术进行分离和研究。在本章中，将描述不同的方法来从外泌体中分离 DNA，因为它在外泌体摄取后在多种情况下，包括生理和病理条件下，对塑造受体细胞的反应非常重要。此外，外泌体 DNA 可能是用于诊断、疾病进展和患者治疗反应的新型生物标志物。
