Department of Management, College of Business Administration in Yanbu, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Al-Munawarah, 41411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
University of Economics and Management of Sfax, (URED), Street of airport km 4.5; LP 1088, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(23):29681-29700. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12713-3. Epub 2021 Feb 10.
Climate change mitigation has led to a recent question regarding many policymakers and sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for Vision 2030. In 2019 and 2020, COVID-19 mitigation was the only issue the world raised questions about; for example, the KSA and the rest of the world are working diligently to meet COVID-19 mitigation targets. To assess policy supervision in terms of the ability to achieve COVID-19 targets, this survey examines the operators necessary to achieve the SDGs in regard to improving COVID-19 mitigation and increasing economic growth. In particular, we examine COVID-19 mitigation under the setting of an N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (N-shaped EKC) in the KSA. To identify the COVID-19 shock in the KSA, the effects of oil price and oil rent on CO emissions are examined. The results of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and non-autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bound testing approach indicate that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the inverted N-shaped EKC hypothesis is validated in the long term. Empirically, we find that oil price strengthens the relationship of level, quadratic and cubic of economic growth and environmental quality while oil rent weakens this relationship. Additionally, the long-term incidences of positive shocks on oil price in the presence of COVID-19 outbreak are not similar to the negative shock to CO emissions, implying the existence of asymmetric impacts on carbon dioxide emissions in long-term forms. Our research implies that an oil price shock could be judicious for macro guidance of the economy in the KSA. Our findings are helpful for policymakers and investors in terms of their settlement planning because they can be used to evaluate prospective courses of economic profitability under the COVID-19 shock.
气候变化缓解导致了沙特阿拉伯王国（KSA）的许多政策制定者和可持续发展目标（SDGs）在 2030 年愿景中提出了一个新的问题。2019 年和 2020 年，COVID-19 的缓解是世界上唯一提出质疑的问题；例如，KSA 和世界其他地区正在努力实现 COVID-19 缓解目标。为了评估政策监督在实现 COVID-19 目标方面的能力，本调查研究了在改善 COVID-19 缓解和促进经济增长方面实现 SDGs 所需的运营商。特别是，我们研究了 KSA 中 N 型环境库兹涅茨曲线（N 型 EKC）设定下的 COVID-19 缓解情况。为了识别 KSA 中的 COVID-19 冲击，检验了油价和石油租金对 CO 排放的影响。自回归分布滞后（ARDL）和非自回归分布滞后（NARDL）约束检验方法的结果表明，由于 COVID-19 大流行，长期来看，倒 N 型 EKC 假说得到了验证。经验上，我们发现油价增强了经济增长和环境质量的水平、二次和三次方的关系，而石油租金则削弱了这种关系。此外，在 COVID-19 爆发的情况下，油价的长期正冲击与 CO 排放的负冲击并不相似，这意味着二氧化碳排放存在长期不对称影响。我们的研究表明，油价冲击可能对 KSA 经济的宏观指导是明智的。我们的研究结果对政策制定者和投资者具有帮助，因为他们可以利用这些结果来评估在 COVID-19 冲击下经济盈利能力的潜在路径。
