Department of Medicine \'B\', Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022 Aug 15;22(7):665-676. doi: 10.2174/1871530321666210210154309.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer that is widely used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics (including storage plastics and baby bottles) and is considered to be one of the most widely used synthetic compounds in the manufacturing industry. Exposure to BPA mainly occurs after oral ingestion and results from leaks into food and water from plastic containers. According to epidemiological data, exposure is widespread and estimated to occur in 90% of individuals. BPA exhibits pleiotropic and estrogen-like effects; thus, it is considered an endocrine-disrupting chemical. A growing body of evidence highlights the role of BPA in modulating immune responses and signaling pathways, which results in a proinflammatory response by enhancing the differential polarization of immune cells and cytokine production profile to one that is consistent with proinflammation. Indeed, epidemiological studies have uncovered associations between several autoimmune diseases and BPA exposure. Data from animal models provided consistent evidence, which highlighted the role of BPA in the pathogenesis, exacerbation, and perpetuation of various autoimmune phenomena including neuroinflammation in the context of multiple sclerosis, colitis in inflammatory bowel disease, nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus, and insulitis in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Owing to the widespread use of BPA and its effects on immune system dysregulation, a call for careful assessment of patients' risks and public health measures are needed to limit exposure and subsequent deleterious effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the autoimmune triggering mechanisms and present the current literature supporting the role of BPA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
双酚 A（BPA）是一种单体，广泛用于制造聚碳酸酯塑料（包括储存塑料和婴儿奶瓶），被认为是制造业中使用最广泛的合成化合物之一。BPA 的暴露主要发生在口服摄入后，源于塑料容器中的物质泄漏到食物和水中。根据流行病学数据，暴露是普遍存在的，估计有 90%的个体受到影响。BPA 表现出多效性和类雌激素作用，因此被认为是一种内分泌干扰化学物质。越来越多的证据强调了 BPA 在调节免疫反应和信号通路中的作用，通过增强免疫细胞的差异极化和细胞因子产生谱，导致促炎反应，使其与促炎一致。事实上，流行病学研究已经揭示了几种自身免疫性疾病与 BPA 暴露之间的关联。动物模型的数据提供了一致的证据，强调了 BPA 在多种自身免疫现象的发病机制、恶化和持续中的作用，包括多发性硬化症中的神经炎症、炎症性肠病中的结肠炎、系统性红斑狼疮中的肾炎和 1 型糖尿病中的胰岛炎。由于 BPA 的广泛使用及其对免疫系统失调的影响，需要对患者的风险进行仔细评估，并采取公共卫生措施来限制暴露及其随后的有害影响。本研究旨在探讨自身免疫触发机制，并介绍当前支持 BPA 在自身免疫性疾病发病机制中的作用的文献。
