National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Perugia, Via della Madonna Alta 130, Perugia, 06128, Italy.
Universitas Mercatorum, Piazza Mattei 10, Roma, 00186, Italy.
Plant Sci. 2021 Mar;304:110794. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110794. Epub 2020 Dec 9.
In order to investigate the intraspecific diversity of wild Humulus lupulus (hop) in Central Italy, 12 populations were evaluated for their genetic polymorphism by means of 13 SSR loci together with six commercial cultivars as a reference. High levels of polymorphism were found across the populations, being 140 the number of multilocus genotypes over 159 samples analyzed. Moreover, the observed heterozygosity was higher than expected in most of the populations. High levels of gene flow were thus envisaged to occur within and among wild populations, and our sampling strategy allowed us to gain insights on the propagation modes of this species, i.e. clonal versus sexual propagation. Nevertheless, a genetic structure of populations with at least five genetically different clusters was disclosed. Private alleles were observed in both wild and cultivated hops. Chemical analysis of bittering and aromatic quality of female flowers from a subset of 8 wild populations revealed a high variability among plants, especially for essential oil components. Overall, the high variability of wild accessions here examined represent a valid source to be exploited in future breeding programs for new or improved hop cultivars development.
为了研究意大利中部野生啤酒花（Hop）的种内多样性，通过 13 个 SSR 标记和 6 个商业品种对 12 个种群进行了遗传多态性评估。在所有种群中均发现了高水平的多态性，在分析的 159 个样本中，多态性位点达到 140 个。此外，大多数种群的观察杂合度均高于预期。因此，预计在野生种群内部和种群之间会发生高水平的基因流，我们的采样策略使我们能够深入了解该物种的繁殖模式，即克隆繁殖与有性繁殖。然而，至少有五个遗传上不同的聚类的种群遗传结构被揭示出来。野生和栽培啤酒花均观察到特有等位基因。从小部分 8 个野生种群的雌性花的苦味和芳香质量的化学分析中发现，植物之间存在高度的变异性，特别是在精油成分方面。总的来说，这里研究的野生品种的高变异性代表了未来用于新型或改良啤酒花品种开发的有价值的遗传资源。
