Shi Aria C, Rohlwink Ursula, Scafidi Susanna, Kannan Sujatha
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Neuroscience Institute and Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Front Neurol. 2021 Jan 25;11:626999. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.626999. eCollection 2020.
Microglia play an integral role in brain development but are also crucial for repair and recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI induces an intense innate immune response in the immature, developing brain that is associated with acute and chronic changes in microglial function. These changes contribute to long-lasting consequences on development, neurologic function, and behavior. Although alterations in glucose metabolism are well-described after TBI, the bulk of the data is focused on metabolic alterations in astrocytes and neurons. To date, the interplay between alterations in intracellular metabolic pathways in microglia and the innate immune response in the brain following an injury is not well-studied. In this review, we broadly discuss the microglial responses after TBI. In addition, we highlight reported metabolic alterations in microglia and macrophages, and provide perspective on how changes in glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism can influence and modulate the microglial phenotype and response to injury.
小胶质细胞在大脑发育中发挥着不可或缺的作用，但对于创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后的修复和恢复也至关重要。TBI会在未成熟的发育中的大脑中引发强烈的先天性免疫反应，这与小胶质细胞功能的急性和慢性变化相关。这些变化会对发育、神经功能和行为产生长期影响。尽管TBI后葡萄糖代谢的改变已有充分描述，但大部分数据集中在星形胶质细胞和神经元的代谢改变上。迄今为止，小胶质细胞内代谢途径的改变与脑损伤后先天性免疫反应之间的相互作用尚未得到充分研究。在本综述中，我们广泛讨论了TBI后的小胶质细胞反应。此外，我们强调了小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞中已报道的代谢改变，并就葡萄糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸代谢的变化如何影响和调节小胶质细胞表型及对损伤的反应提供了观点。
