Porter Ashleigh, Wong Deborah J
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Front Oncol. 2021 Jan 25;10:592202. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592202. eCollection 2020.
For differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), systemic therapy with radioactive iodine (RAI) is utilized for radiosensitive disease, while for radioiodine refractory (RAIR) disease, current standard of care is treatment with multikinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). For BRAF-mutant DTC or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), treatment with inhibitors targeting BRAF and MEK are important advances. RET-inhibitors for RET-mutated medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) recently have been FDA-approved for metastatic disease. Nevertheless, treatment of thyroid cancer resistant to current systemic therapies remains an important area of need. Resistance mechanisms are being elucidated, and novel therapies including combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors with RAI or other targeted therapies or TKIs combined with checkpoint inhibition are current areas of exploration.
对于分化型甲状腺癌（DTC），放射性碘（RAI）全身治疗用于放射性敏感疾病，而对于放射性碘难治性（RAIR）疾病，目前的标准治疗是使用多激酶酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）。对于BRAF突变的DTC或间变性甲状腺癌（ATC），使用靶向BRAF和MEK的抑制剂进行治疗是重要进展。RET抑制剂用于RET突变的甲状腺髓样癌（MTC），最近已获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于转移性疾病。然而，对当前全身治疗耐药的甲状腺癌治疗仍然是一个重要的需求领域。耐药机制正在被阐明，包括BRAF和MEK抑制剂与RAI联合或其他靶向治疗，或TKI与检查点抑制联合的新型疗法是当前的探索领域。
