Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Feb 11;193(3):120. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08832-y.
Rivers are one of the major freshwater resources, which provide water for irrigation, domestic, recreational, environmental, and industrial purposes, but they are extremely vulnerable to pollution due to discharge of untreated waste. Establishing the baseline river water quality data is important, so that monitoring changes over time, assessing impacts of particular developmental projects and setting water quality standards for the protection of the river, can be undertaken. In the present study, water quality assessment was done for a segment of Yamuna River passing through Panipat district, Haryana, India. This study is an attempt to know the impact of wastewater generated due to urban and industrial activities taking place in Panipat city and nearby areas, on River Yamuna. Furthermore, vulnerability zone of River Yamuna was delineated using CCME-WQI, NSF-WQI, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The water quality samples were further evaluated for the agricultural and industrial purposes to determine whether the water can be used for irrigation and industrial requirements. The study also considered the existing land use land cover (LULC) on left and right banks of the River Yamuna and the wastewater carrying drain. River Yamuna travels nearly a distance of ≈ 44 Kms in and around Panipat district and the results of the study indicated that nearly 13 Km stretch of River is more vulnerable to pollution. Thus, it is suggested that wastewater discharge regulation, installation of effluent treatments plants, and maintenance of environmental flow are prerequisite to protect and restore the River Yamuna.
河流是主要的淡水资源之一，为灌溉、家庭、娱乐、环境和工业用途提供水，但由于未经处理的废物排放，它们极易受到污染。建立河流基本水质数据非常重要，这样可以监测随着时间的推移水质的变化，评估特定发展项目的影响，并为保护河流制定水质标准。本研究对印度哈里亚纳邦帕尼帕特地区流经的亚穆纳河的一段进行了水质评估。这项研究旨在了解帕尼帕特市和附近地区的城市和工业活动产生的废水对亚穆纳河的影响。此外，还使用 CCME-WQI、NSF-WQI 和层次聚类分析 (HCA) 对亚穆纳河的脆弱性区域进行了划定。还对水质样本进行了农业和工业用途的评估，以确定水是否可用于灌溉和工业需求。该研究还考虑了亚穆纳河左右两岸的现有土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）以及携带废水的排水渠。亚穆纳河在帕尼帕特地区及其周围的流程约为 44 公里，研究结果表明，河流近 13 公里的河段更容易受到污染。因此，建议对废水排放进行监管，安装废水处理厂，并保持环境流量，这是保护和恢复亚穆纳河的前提条件。
