Zupančič Marija, Šušteršič Mojca, Bavec Špela, Gosar Mateja
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Environ Geochem Health. 2021 Sep;43(9):3505-3531. doi: 10.1007/s10653-021-00835-z. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
One of the main sources of potential chronic exposure to potentially toxic elements is household dust, especially in an environment with known point sources of PTE pollution. The literature review clearly shows that the total concentrations of an element in the environment do not provide information to predict its bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of PTE present in household dust in the small town of Idrija, the site of the former mercury mine. Unified bioaccessibility method was used to assess oral bioaccessibility of PTE in the stomach and intestine, while inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed by extraction of household dust samples with two synthetic extraction solutions-Gamble's solution (GS) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). A low bioaccessibility of mercury was observed in all synthetic solutions (less than 3%). The highest bioaccessibility of PTE was observed in ALF solution, especially for Zn, Pb and Cd. Only a slightly lower bioaccessibility of these three elements was also observed in the stomach, while the bioaccessibility of other elements in the gastric phase was less than 40%. In general, the bioaccessibility of all elements decreased in the intestine. With the exception of Cr, the lowest bioaccessibility of the elements was observed in GS. Daily ingestion and inhalation doses of PTE from household dust were calculated and their values were below the available recommended or tolerable daily intakes of PTE from food according to the European Food Safety Authority.
长期潜在接触潜在有毒元素的主要来源之一是家庭灰尘，尤其是在存在已知潜在有毒元素污染点源的环境中。文献综述清楚地表明，环境中元素的总浓度并不能提供预测其生物可利用性的信息。本研究的目的是评估伊德里亚小镇（前汞矿所在地）家庭灰尘中潜在有毒元素的经口和吸入生物可及性。采用统一生物可及性方法评估潜在有毒元素在胃和肠道中的经口生物可及性，而通过用两种合成提取液——甘布尔溶液（GS）和人工溶酶体液（ALF）提取家庭灰尘样品来评估吸入生物可及性。在所有合成溶液中均观察到汞的生物可及性较低（低于3%）。在ALF溶液中观察到潜在有毒元素的生物可及性最高，尤其是锌、铅和镉。在胃中也观察到这三种元素的生物可及性仅略低，而其他元素在胃相中的生物可及性低于40%。一般来说，所有元素在肠道中的生物可及性均降低。除铬外，在GS中观察到元素的生物可及性最低。计算了家庭灰尘中潜在有毒元素的每日摄入和吸入剂量，其值低于欧洲食品安全局规定的食物中潜在有毒元素的推荐或可耐受每日摄入量。
