T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University.
Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2021 Jul;27(3):376-385. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000439. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
The current study examined the psychometric properties of the American Identity Questionnaire (Phinney & Devich-Navarro, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1997, 7, 3). American identity has been associated with societal and personal benefits for ethno-racially diverse populations, but limited research has assessed whether American identity measures function equivalently across members of different groups. Thus, the current study examined the measurement equivalence and construct validity of the American Identity Questionnaire among Black, Latino, and White adolescents.
Using a cross-sectional design, adolescents completed self-administered surveys during regular school time. The current study included U.S.-born adolescents (N = 1,326; M age = 16.16 years; SD = 1.12; 53% female) who self-identified as either Black (n = 315), Latino (n = 345), or White (n = 666).
Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using ethnic-racial group membership as the grouping variable. Findings suggested that the American Identity Questionnaire demonstrated configural (equivalent factor structures) and metric (equivalent factor loadings) invariance across the three groups. Partial scalar invariance was supported after allowing one item intercept to be freely estimated among Latino youth. Regarding construct validity, American identity was positively associated with self-esteem and personal identity, and negatively associated with depressive symptoms across the three groups.
Findings suggest that the American Identity Questionnaire can be used to assess associations between American identity and other constructs with samples of Black, Latino, and White adolescents. Mean-level comparisons across the three groups may also be possible. Construct validity results indicated that American identity was positively associated with adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究检验了美国认同问卷（Phinney & Devich-Navarro，《青少年研究杂志》，1997 年，7 卷，3 期）的心理测量学特性。美国认同与不同族裔群体的社会和个人利益相关，但有限的研究评估了美国认同测量在不同群体成员中的作用是否等效。因此，本研究检验了美国认同问卷在黑、拉丁裔和白种青少年中的测量等效性和结构效度。
采用横断面设计，青少年在正常上学时间内完成自我管理的调查。本研究包括在美国出生的青少年（N = 1326；M 年龄= 16.16 岁；SD = 1.12；53%为女性），他们自认为是黑人（n = 315）、拉丁裔（n = 345）或白人（n = 666）。
使用族裔群体作为分组变量进行多群组验证性因素分析。研究结果表明，美国认同问卷在三个群体中表现出结构等效（等效的因子结构）和度量等效（等效的因子负荷）。在允许拉丁裔青少年中的一个项目截距自由估计后，支持部分标度不变性。关于结构效度，美国认同与自尊和个人认同呈正相关，与三个群体的抑郁症状呈负相关。
研究结果表明，美国认同问卷可以用于评估美国认同与黑、拉丁裔和白种青少年样本中其他结构之间的关联。也可能可以对三个群体进行均值水平比较。结构效度结果表明，美国认同与青少年的心理社会适应呈正相关。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
