Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Occup Ther Health Care. 2023 Jan;37(1):18-39. doi: 10.1080/07380577.2021.1879411. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing and evaluating thinking to make decisions. Critical thinking exposes assumptions, biases, and beliefs that influence clinical reasoning. This scoping review sought to explore instructional approaches for advancing students' critical thinking in healthcare education. Through analysis of 15 articles, no common definition of critical thinking emerged, nor consensus found on measurement or instructional methods. Some alternative instructional methods such as case-based learning, reflective guided questions, and multiple case exposures, when compared to lecture, did significantly impact learner critical thinking. To determine if critical thinking is an instructional method that would impact implicit biases and healthcare outcomes, five author recommendations are offered from gaps in the existing literature to provide a pathway for future research. To effectively prepare students for clinical practice, long term outcomes are necessary to assess if critical thinking skills can be taught and become part of a professional growth mindset.
批判性思维是分析和评估思维以做出决策的过程。批判性思维揭示了影响临床推理的假设、偏见和信念。本范围综述旨在探讨在医疗保健教育中提高学生批判性思维的教学方法。通过对 15 篇文章的分析，没有出现批判性思维的共同定义，也没有就测量或教学方法达成共识。一些替代的教学方法，如基于案例的学习、反思性引导问题和多次案例暴露，与讲座相比，确实显著影响了学习者的批判性思维。为了确定批判性思维是否是一种会影响隐性偏见和医疗保健结果的教学方法，从现有文献的空白处提出了五项作者建议，为未来的研究提供了途径。为了有效地让学生为临床实践做好准备，需要进行长期的结果评估，以确定批判性思维技能是否可以教授并成为专业成长心态的一部分。
