Lu Jinqiu, Hu Zonghao, Deng Yujie, Wu Qingzhe, Wu Ming, Song Hai
The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
J Biol Chem. 2021 Jan-Jun;296:100400. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100400. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size in animals via the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. It consists of a kinase cascade, in which MST1/2 and MAP4Ks phosphorylate and activate LATS1/2, which in turn phosphorylate and inhibit YAP/TAZ activity. A variety of signals can modulate LATS1/2 kinase activity to regulate Hippo pathway. However, the full mechanistic details of kinase-mediated regulation of Hippo pathway signaling remain elusive. Here, we report that TNF activates LATS1/2 and inhibits YAP/TAZ activity through MEKK2/3. Furthermore, MEKK2/3 act in parallel to MST1/2 and MAP4Ks to regulate LATS1/2 and YAP/TAZ in response to various signals, such as serum and actin dynamics. Mechanistically, we show that MEKK2/3 interact with LATS1/2 and YAP/TAZ and phosphorylate them. In addition, Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex associates with MEKK3 via CCM2 and CCM3 to inactivate MEKK3 kinase activity. Upstream signals of Hippo pathway trigger the dissociation of MEKK3 from STRIPAK complex to release MEKK3 activity. Our work has uncovered a previous unrecognized regulation of Hippo pathway via MEKK2/3 and provides new insights into molecular mechanisms for the interplay between Hippo-YAP and NF-κB signaling and the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformations.
河马通路是一条在进化上保守的信号通路,它通过调节细胞增殖和凋亡来控制动物器官的大小。它由一个激酶级联组成,其中MST1/2和MAP4Ks磷酸化并激活LATS1/2,而LATS1/2又磷酸化并抑制YAP/TAZ的活性。多种信号可以调节LATS1/2激酶活性以调控河马通路。然而,激酶介导的河马通路信号调控的完整机制细节仍不清楚。在此,我们报告肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)通过MEKK2/3激活LATS1/2并抑制YAP/TAZ的活性。此外,MEKK2/3与MST1/2和MAP4Ks并行作用,以响应各种信号(如血清和肌动蛋白动态变化)来调节LATS1/2和YAP/TAZ。从机制上讲,我们表明MEKK2/3与LATS1/2和YAP/TAZ相互作用并使其磷酸化。此外,条纹蛋白相互作用磷酸酶和激酶(STRIPAK)复合物通过CCM2和CCM3与MEKK3结合,使MEKK3激酶活性失活。河马通路的上游信号触发MEKK3从STRIPAK复合物中解离以释放MEKK3的活性。我们的工作揭示了以前未被认识的通过MEKK2/3对河马通路的调控,并为河马-YAP与核因子κB信号之间相互作用的分子机制以及脑海绵状血管畸形的发病机制提供了新的见解。